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词汇是英语学习的基础,下面是第五单元的重点考纲词汇的讲解和易混词汇短语的辨析。
一、重点单汇讲解
1. temporary adj. 暂时的,临时的,短暂的
a temporary relief from pain 暂时缓解疼痛
a temporary solution临时解决方案
a temporary job 临时工作
a temporary loss of memory 暂时失忆
They just reached a temporary agreement. 他们只是达成一个临时协议。
2. choke vi&vt 噎住,(使)哽住;(使)掐死,勒死;挤满,塞满
choke to death 窒息致死
A small child could choke on the doll’s hair. 洋娃娃的头发可能会让小孩窒息。
The coffee was almost too hot to swallow and made him choke for a moment. 咖啡烫得几乎咽不下去,呛得他好一会儿喘不过气来。
The pond was choked with rotten leaves. 池塘里堵满了一些烂叶子。
3. tight adj. (衣服或鞋)紧身的,紧贴的;(控制或规则)严格的,严厉的; 紧紧地,密不透风地;滴水不漏地;(弯道、拐角)急转的,陡转的;(日程、预算)紧张的,回旋余地不大的;(比赛双方)比分接近的,不相上下的,势均力敌的
These trousers are a bit tight. 这条裤子有点紧。
Just hold tight to my hand and follow along.抓紧我的手,跟着我。
Security is tight this week at the polling sites. 这个星期,各投票点的安全工作抓得很严。
I keep the flour and sugar in individual jars, sealed tight with their glass lids. 我把面粉和食糖分别放在罐子里,并将玻璃盖子紧紧地盖上。
They collided on a tight bend and both cars were extensively damaged. 他们在一个急转弯处相撞,两辆车均严重受损。
Emma is on a tight budget for clothes. 埃玛预算很紧,没有多少钱买衣裳。
It was a very tight match. 参赛双方不分伯仲。
4. apply vt./vi 申请;实施;涂抹敷
常用于以下结构:
apply for sth/to do sth 申请做某事;apply sth to sth 把东西涂抹敷到……上,把……运用到……中;apply oneself to sth/doing sth 专心于……;apply to sth = go for 适用于,适合于。
Bathe the wound and apply a clean dressing. 清洗伤口,再用洁净敷料包扎。
Who is eligible to apply for membership of the association? 谁有资格申请加入这个协会?
Faulks has applied himself to this task with considerable energy. 福克斯为这项任务倾注了大量精力。
The convention does not apply to us. 这条惯例对我们不适用。
The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound. 正确的做法是直接按住伤口。
二、易混近义词辨析
1. aid, help, assist, support
这组词都有“帮助”的意思,但有区别:
(1)aid既可以作动词,也可以作名词,是正式用语,日常生活中不常用;aid是指为他人或团体公共事业在困难或危急之时提供的正式的、较大的物资或经济援,aid它是指对别人的努力加以援助,还可指不必亲自动手的帮助。常用的短语搭配有first aid 急救;the economic aid经济援助;the foreign aid外国救济;the medical aid医疗援助;come/go to one’s aid来(去)帮助某人。例如:
They offer financial aid with no strings attached.他们无条件提供财务援助。
We were greatly aided in our investigation by the cooperation of the police. 我们在调查的过程中得到警方的大力协助。
(2)help指一般笼统概念的“帮助”,用法则比较广泛,它可以代替aid和assist,可以指任何形式的帮助。help强调积极地予以实际的、精神的或物质的帮助。例如:
Would you help me? 你能帮我一下吗?
(3)support主要是表达“支持”的含义。
(4)assist只能用作动词,主要用于帮助别人工作、学习或研究,多用于个人,特别是智力方面的研究。例如: Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons. 杰克过去常常帮助玛丽学习功课。
2. barrier, boundary, obstacle
(1)barrier的基本意思是“障碍”。可指抽象的“阻力;障碍”(常接介词短语to sth),也可以指具体的“障碍物;屏障;关卡;分界线”(常接介词短语between A and B或against sth。);还可引申表示“难以逾越的数量或水平”。常常搭配的短语有the language barrier语言障碍;trade barriers贸易壁垒。例如:
The crowd had to stand behind barrier. 观看的人群不得不站在栅栏的后面。
Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success. 缺乏自信是通往成功之路的心理障碍。
(2)obstacle指在达到目的或前进的过程中必须消除或绕过的障碍物,绊脚石,也指起阻碍作用的情况。例如:
This is the chief obstacle to world peace. 这是世界和平的主要障碍。
(3)boundary的基本意思是“分界线”,主要用来指领土的“分界线”,尤其是地图上表示的“边界限,分界线”,也可用来比喻知识、欲望等抽象事物的“界限”。例如:
They marked the boundaries of the football fields. 他们画出了足球场地的边界。
3. heal,cure, treat
(1)heal,“治愈”,多指治愈了刀伤,枪伤 等外伤;常强调缓慢甚至长时期的治疗过程;用于比喻时, heal指精神上的创伤或思想上的分歧,常用于短语heal the wounds / cuts heal sb (of sth)。例如:
These burns are not serious and take a few weeks to heal. 这些烧伤不是很严重,需要几个星期的时间来医治。
The disagreement left deep wounds that only time may heal. 意见分歧已留下深深的伤痕,只有时间来医治创伤了。
(2)cure,“治愈”,多指内部疾病,有时强调突然或戏剧般的治愈;用于比喻时, cure多指社会不良现象或个人恶习。常用于短语cure sb(of sth), cure sth。例如:
Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.父母试图改变他们孩子的坏习惯。
This medicine cured him of his illness. 这药治好了他的病。
(3)treat普通用词,指接受并诊治病人,并不强调治疗的结果;作“医治”解时,可说treat sth, 也可说treat sb for sth(with sth)。例如:
This boy is being treated for a heart condition.这个男孩正在接受心脏病治疗。
4. vital, basic, essential
意思都为“重要”。
(1)vital,正式用词,侧重指维持生命、生死攸关的。例如:
He was lucky that the bullet hadn’t entered a vital organ. 他很幸运,子弹没有打进身体的要害部位。
(2)basic, 普通用词,指明确、具体的基础或起点。例如:
Hospitals lack even basic drugs for surgical operations. 医院连最基本的外科手术药物也没有。
(3)essential语气比basic和fundamental强,强调必不可少,暗含某物如缺少某部分,则失去本质特征的意味。例如:
Most authorities agree that play is an essential part of a child’s development. 大多数权威人士都同意,玩耍在孩子成长过程中起着非常重要的作用。
5. There is no doubt that ..., It is no wonder that ...
(1)There is no doubt that ... 含义为“毫无疑问的事情是”,短语强调不需要怀疑,很肯定。例如:
There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills saved Ms Slade’s life. 毫无疑问,正是约翰的反应敏捷和急救技能救了史来德夫人的命。
There is no doubt that we will succeed in designing the project. 毫无疑问,我们能把这项工程设计出来。
(2)It is no wonder that ...
含义为“难怪”,短语强调不足为奇。例如:
He is a good student and it is no wonder that he has obtained high marks. 他是个好学生,难怪会取得那么高的成绩。
1. Now that there is much difficulty in finding a satisfying job,why don’t you do a job to support you for the time being? A. thorough B. temporary
C. accurate D. essential
2. Some researchers believe that there is no that a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. wonder B. question
C. doubt D. argument
3. If you yourself to the textbook,you’ll find the question is no more difficult.
A. absorb B. apply
C. interest D. appeal
4. Money is increasingly now and we must save every penny in life.
A. firm B. tight
C. vital D. negative
5. If you are walking in the mountains, comfortable shoes are .
A. efficient B. fantastic
C. essential D. moveable
6. The road is by a truck that rolled over and the traffic piled up behind.
A. choked B. applied
C. stuck D. covered
7. In an attempt to break down the trade , these countries held a series of talks about setting up a free trade zone.
A. obstacle B .conflict
C. barrier D. boundary
8. Time will most wounds and pains.
A. heal B. treat
C. cure D. wipe
1~5 BCBBC 6~8 ACA
一、重点单汇讲解
1. temporary adj. 暂时的,临时的,短暂的
a temporary relief from pain 暂时缓解疼痛
a temporary solution临时解决方案
a temporary job 临时工作
a temporary loss of memory 暂时失忆
They just reached a temporary agreement. 他们只是达成一个临时协议。
2. choke vi&vt 噎住,(使)哽住;(使)掐死,勒死;挤满,塞满
choke to death 窒息致死
A small child could choke on the doll’s hair. 洋娃娃的头发可能会让小孩窒息。
The coffee was almost too hot to swallow and made him choke for a moment. 咖啡烫得几乎咽不下去,呛得他好一会儿喘不过气来。
The pond was choked with rotten leaves. 池塘里堵满了一些烂叶子。
3. tight adj. (衣服或鞋)紧身的,紧贴的;(控制或规则)严格的,严厉的; 紧紧地,密不透风地;滴水不漏地;(弯道、拐角)急转的,陡转的;(日程、预算)紧张的,回旋余地不大的;(比赛双方)比分接近的,不相上下的,势均力敌的
These trousers are a bit tight. 这条裤子有点紧。
Just hold tight to my hand and follow along.抓紧我的手,跟着我。
Security is tight this week at the polling sites. 这个星期,各投票点的安全工作抓得很严。
I keep the flour and sugar in individual jars, sealed tight with their glass lids. 我把面粉和食糖分别放在罐子里,并将玻璃盖子紧紧地盖上。
They collided on a tight bend and both cars were extensively damaged. 他们在一个急转弯处相撞,两辆车均严重受损。
Emma is on a tight budget for clothes. 埃玛预算很紧,没有多少钱买衣裳。
It was a very tight match. 参赛双方不分伯仲。
4. apply vt./vi 申请;实施;涂抹敷
常用于以下结构:
apply for sth/to do sth 申请做某事;apply sth to sth 把东西涂抹敷到……上,把……运用到……中;apply oneself to sth/doing sth 专心于……;apply to sth = go for 适用于,适合于。
Bathe the wound and apply a clean dressing. 清洗伤口,再用洁净敷料包扎。
Who is eligible to apply for membership of the association? 谁有资格申请加入这个协会?
Faulks has applied himself to this task with considerable energy. 福克斯为这项任务倾注了大量精力。
The convention does not apply to us. 这条惯例对我们不适用。
The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound. 正确的做法是直接按住伤口。
二、易混近义词辨析
1. aid, help, assist, support
这组词都有“帮助”的意思,但有区别:
(1)aid既可以作动词,也可以作名词,是正式用语,日常生活中不常用;aid是指为他人或团体公共事业在困难或危急之时提供的正式的、较大的物资或经济援,aid它是指对别人的努力加以援助,还可指不必亲自动手的帮助。常用的短语搭配有first aid 急救;the economic aid经济援助;the foreign aid外国救济;the medical aid医疗援助;come/go to one’s aid来(去)帮助某人。例如:
They offer financial aid with no strings attached.他们无条件提供财务援助。
We were greatly aided in our investigation by the cooperation of the police. 我们在调查的过程中得到警方的大力协助。
(2)help指一般笼统概念的“帮助”,用法则比较广泛,它可以代替aid和assist,可以指任何形式的帮助。help强调积极地予以实际的、精神的或物质的帮助。例如:
Would you help me? 你能帮我一下吗?
(3)support主要是表达“支持”的含义。
(4)assist只能用作动词,主要用于帮助别人工作、学习或研究,多用于个人,特别是智力方面的研究。例如: Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons. 杰克过去常常帮助玛丽学习功课。
2. barrier, boundary, obstacle
(1)barrier的基本意思是“障碍”。可指抽象的“阻力;障碍”(常接介词短语to sth),也可以指具体的“障碍物;屏障;关卡;分界线”(常接介词短语between A and B或against sth。);还可引申表示“难以逾越的数量或水平”。常常搭配的短语有the language barrier语言障碍;trade barriers贸易壁垒。例如:
The crowd had to stand behind barrier. 观看的人群不得不站在栅栏的后面。
Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success. 缺乏自信是通往成功之路的心理障碍。
(2)obstacle指在达到目的或前进的过程中必须消除或绕过的障碍物,绊脚石,也指起阻碍作用的情况。例如:
This is the chief obstacle to world peace. 这是世界和平的主要障碍。
(3)boundary的基本意思是“分界线”,主要用来指领土的“分界线”,尤其是地图上表示的“边界限,分界线”,也可用来比喻知识、欲望等抽象事物的“界限”。例如:
They marked the boundaries of the football fields. 他们画出了足球场地的边界。
3. heal,cure, treat
(1)heal,“治愈”,多指治愈了刀伤,枪伤 等外伤;常强调缓慢甚至长时期的治疗过程;用于比喻时, heal指精神上的创伤或思想上的分歧,常用于短语heal the wounds / cuts heal sb (of sth)。例如:
These burns are not serious and take a few weeks to heal. 这些烧伤不是很严重,需要几个星期的时间来医治。
The disagreement left deep wounds that only time may heal. 意见分歧已留下深深的伤痕,只有时间来医治创伤了。
(2)cure,“治愈”,多指内部疾病,有时强调突然或戏剧般的治愈;用于比喻时, cure多指社会不良现象或个人恶习。常用于短语cure sb(of sth), cure sth。例如:
Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.父母试图改变他们孩子的坏习惯。
This medicine cured him of his illness. 这药治好了他的病。
(3)treat普通用词,指接受并诊治病人,并不强调治疗的结果;作“医治”解时,可说treat sth, 也可说treat sb for sth(with sth)。例如:
This boy is being treated for a heart condition.这个男孩正在接受心脏病治疗。
4. vital, basic, essential
意思都为“重要”。
(1)vital,正式用词,侧重指维持生命、生死攸关的。例如:
He was lucky that the bullet hadn’t entered a vital organ. 他很幸运,子弹没有打进身体的要害部位。
(2)basic, 普通用词,指明确、具体的基础或起点。例如:
Hospitals lack even basic drugs for surgical operations. 医院连最基本的外科手术药物也没有。
(3)essential语气比basic和fundamental强,强调必不可少,暗含某物如缺少某部分,则失去本质特征的意味。例如:
Most authorities agree that play is an essential part of a child’s development. 大多数权威人士都同意,玩耍在孩子成长过程中起着非常重要的作用。
5. There is no doubt that ..., It is no wonder that ...
(1)There is no doubt that ... 含义为“毫无疑问的事情是”,短语强调不需要怀疑,很肯定。例如:
There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills saved Ms Slade’s life. 毫无疑问,正是约翰的反应敏捷和急救技能救了史来德夫人的命。
There is no doubt that we will succeed in designing the project. 毫无疑问,我们能把这项工程设计出来。
(2)It is no wonder that ...
含义为“难怪”,短语强调不足为奇。例如:
He is a good student and it is no wonder that he has obtained high marks. 他是个好学生,难怪会取得那么高的成绩。
1. Now that there is much difficulty in finding a satisfying job,why don’t you do a job to support you for the time being? A. thorough B. temporary
C. accurate D. essential
2. Some researchers believe that there is no that a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. wonder B. question
C. doubt D. argument
3. If you yourself to the textbook,you’ll find the question is no more difficult.
A. absorb B. apply
C. interest D. appeal
4. Money is increasingly now and we must save every penny in life.
A. firm B. tight
C. vital D. negative
5. If you are walking in the mountains, comfortable shoes are .
A. efficient B. fantastic
C. essential D. moveable
6. The road is by a truck that rolled over and the traffic piled up behind.
A. choked B. applied
C. stuck D. covered
7. In an attempt to break down the trade , these countries held a series of talks about setting up a free trade zone.
A. obstacle B .conflict
C. barrier D. boundary
8. Time will most wounds and pains.
A. heal B. treat
C. cure D. wipe
1~5 BCBBC 6~8 ACA