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目的了解西安市周至县2001—2009年麻疹流行趋势和特征。方法疫情资料来自法定传染病网络报告系统和麻疹监测系统,采用ELISA捕捉法检测麻疹IgM抗体,诊断依据《西安市麻疹监测方案》。数据采用Excel 2003、SPSS1 2.0软件处理。结果周至县9年间发病135例,无死亡病例,平均发病率2.36/10万,发病趋势呈现明显周期性,高峰期分别为2001、2005和2009年,最高发病率2009年为9.66/10万,其余年份在0.32/10万～0.64/10万间,周期间隔3a(P<0.05);<8月龄发病24例(17.78%),8月龄～3岁发病最多为61例(45.19%),<15岁发病115例(85.19%),不同年度年龄别发病差异有统计学意义(χ2=91.0350,P<0.01)。男女发病比为2.0∶1;发病以夏季为主(90例,占66.67%),其次为春季(34例,占25.19%)和秋、冬季,不同年度季节分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.2620,P<0.01)。全县22乡镇均有发病,发病例数平原区域最多(80例,占59.26%),其次为县城区(50例,占37.04%)和山岭区(5例,占3.70%);而发病率最高为县城区域,其次为山岭区和平原区,χ2检验差异无统计学意义。病例无免疫史、免疫史不详者分别为75和7例,占55.56%和5.19%,全免疫者32例,占23.70%,不同年度免疫史发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.2620,P<0.01)。结论控制和消除麻疹重点是提高麻疹疫苗的接种率和免疫成功率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological trends and characteristics of measles in Zhouzhi County, Xi’an from 2001 to 2009. Methods The epidemic data were from the legal infectious disease network reporting system and the measles surveillance system. Measles IgM antibody was detected by ELISA. The diagnosis was based on the “Measles Surveillance Program in Xi’an”. Data using Excel 2003, SPSS1 2.0 software processing. Results There were 135 cases of disease in Zhouzhi County in 9 years without any deaths, with an average incidence of 2.36 / 100 000. The incidence trend showed obvious periodicity with peak periods of 2001, 2005 and 2009 respectively, with the highest incidence of 9.66 / The remaining years ranged from 0.32 / 100000 to 0.64 / 100000 with a periodicity of 3a (P <0.05), incidence of 24 cases (17.78%) at 8 months and 61 cases (45.19%) at the age of 8 months to 3 years , 115 cases (85.19%) were less than 15 years old, and there was significant difference in different years of age (χ2 = 91.0350, P <0.01). The incidence of males and females was 2.0: 1. The incidence was mainly in summer (90 cases, accounting for 66.67%), followed by the spring (34 cases, accounting for 25.19%) and the autumn and winter seasons (χ2 = 35.2620, P <0.01). The county has 22 towns and villages incidence, the incidence of the largest number of plain areas (80 cases, accounting for 59.26%), followed by the county (50 cases, accounting for 37.04%) and the mountainous area (5 cases, accounting for 3.70%); while the incidence The highest for the county area, followed by mountains and plains, χ2 test difference was not statistically significant. There was no history of immunization, 75 and 7 cases were unknown, accounting for 55.56% and 5.19%, 32 cases were fully immunized, accounting for 23.70%. The incidence of immunization in different years had significant difference (χ2 = 35.2620, P <0.01). Conclusion The focus of control and elimination of measles is to increase the vaccination coverage and immunization success rate of measles vaccine.