中国现代化进程中的伦理道德现象具有共同的现代性特征,探索现代道德难题是解析当代中国伦理问题的重要视角。在现代道德难题视角下,当代中国伦理问题主要体现在三个方面:其一,道德正义问题。跳出现代道德哲学的二元论视域,以伦理总体性破解现代道德的“德福悖论”难题,寻求重建道德正义的可能路径。其二,伦理认同问题。破解现代伦理实体的认同难题,反思“家庭”和“职业”作为伦理实体的自然形态和公共形态面临的认同危机。其三,政治伦理问题。调节中国传统政治“家国一体”与现代西方政治“公私界分”之间的矛盾,建构当代中国政治伦理的合理形态。 The phenomenon of ethics and morality in the process of China’s modernization has common characteristics of modernity. Exploring the modern moral problems is an important perspective for resolving the ethical issues in contemporary China. In the perspective of modern moral problems, the ethical issues in contemporary China are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the issue of moral justice. Jump out of the dualistic horizon of modern moral philosophy and seek the possible path to rebuild moral justice with ethical general solution to the difficult problem of “paradoxical paradox” of modern morality. Second, ethical identity issues. To solve the identification problem of modern ethical entities and to reflect on the identity crisis of the natural and public forms of “family” and “profession” as ethical entities. Third, the issue of political ethics. Regulate the contradiction between the traditional Chinese politics, “the nation one home” and the modern western politics “the public-private divisions ”, and construct the reasonable shape of contemporary Chinese political ethics.