【目的】了解有自杀意念高中生的情绪和行为问题及其与家庭环境的关系。【方法】采用长处和困难问卷(学生版)、家庭环境量表中文版及中文版贝克自杀意念量表对1 577名高中生进行问卷调查。【结果】高中生自杀意念报告率为18.90%(n=298)。22.82%(n=68)的有自杀意念高中生存在情绪和行为问题,且有自杀意念高中生的困难总分、情绪问题、品行问题、多动注意不能和同伴交往问题得分均高于无自杀意念组,亲社会行为得分低于无自杀意念组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在有自杀意念组中,女生情绪问题得分显著高于男生(P<0.01);高二学生同伴交往问题得分显著高于高一学生(P<0.05)。回归分析显示,家庭亲密度、矛盾性、组织性和控制性是有自杀意念高中生情绪和行为问题的影响因素。【结论】有自杀意念高中生的情绪和行为问题发生率较高,家庭环境对其具有重要影响。 【Objective】 To understand the emotional and behavioral problems of high school students who have suicidal ideation and their relationship with family environment. 【Method】 A total of 1 577 high school students were surveyed using the strengths and weaknesses questionnaire (Student Version), the Family Environment Scale Chinese version and the Chinese version of the Baker Suicide Ideation Scale. 【Results】 The reported rate of suicidal ideation in senior high school students was 18.90% (n = 298). 22.82% (n = 68) of suicidal ideation high school students have emotional and behavioral problems, suicide ideation high school students’ difficulty scores, emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity can not interact with peers were higher than those who did not commit suicide Ideation group, pro-social behavior scores were lower than those without suicide ideation group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). In suicidal ideation group, the scores of emotional problems in girls were significantly higher than those in boys (P <0.01). The scores of high school students’ peer interaction were significantly higher than those in highschools (P <0.05). Regression analysis showed that family intimacy, contradiction, organization and control were the influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems of high school students who committed suicide. 【Conclusion】 The incidence of emotional and behavioral problems in high school students who have suicidal ideation is high, and the family environment has an important impact on them.