近些年医院住院患者的下呼吸道感染(获得性)支气管——肺感染的发病日益增多,已成为内科常见的疾病。由于发病急、临床表现不典型,加之原有基础病的复杂多样,往往被疏忽。如何提高院内感染的诊断,减少疾病的发生率乃临床医师面临的重要课题。院内感染的诊断除了根据病人临床表现,更重要是病人的痰液细菌学检查。院内病房高密度致病细菌的存在,直 In recent years, hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection (acquired) increased incidence of bronchial-pulmonary infection has become a common medical disease. Due to acute onset, clinical manifestations of atypical, combined with the original complex and diverse underlying diseases, often neglected. How to improve the diagnosis of nosocomial infections and reduce the incidence of diseases is an important issue for clinicians. In addition to the diagnosis of nosocomial infections according to the patient’s clinical manifestations, more important is the patient’s sputum bacteriology. Hospital Ward high-density pathogenic bacteria exist, straight