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为探明干旱处理与氮磷肥合用后小麦产量和养分积累及分配的变化,在盆栽条件下,以中麦8为试材,在设置3个氮磷肥施用量的基础上,每施肥处理下于开花期再利用称重法设置水分适宜(W1,SRWC=75%)、轻度亏水(W2,SRWC=60%)和重度亏水(W3,SRWC=45%)3个土壤水分水平,研究了肥水调控对冬小麦产量、养分积累及籽粒蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明,与花后土壤水分适宜相比,花后轻度亏水与重度亏水产量分别降低9.73%和15.55%,籽粒氮素积累量降低了3.41%和13.64%,醇溶蛋白含量降低了0.1%和1.1%,穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒磷素积累量、养分收获指数、氮素利用效率、清蛋白含量亦有不同程度的降低,但磷素利用效率、球蛋白含量及谷/醇比呈相反的趋势变化,其中,磷素利用效率以W3最高,达81.76 g·g~(-1),显著高于W1和W2。增施氮磷肥,穗数、千粒重降低,籽粒养分积累量及其蛋白质组分含量增加,但养分利用效率及氮素收获指数降低,其中,与F1(N 120kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_596 kg·hm~(-2))相比,F2(N 180 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5144 kg·hm~(-2))和F3(N 240 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5192 kg·hm~(-2))产量分别降低了7.23%和7.69%。土壤适度亏水,增施氮磷肥降低了产量、籽粒氮素分配比例及养分利用效率和氮素收获指数,籽粒蛋白质组分含量及谷/醇比提高;土壤重度亏水,增施氮磷肥降低了磷素利用效率、氮素收获指数和清蛋白含量及谷/醇比,提高了产量、籽粒磷素分配比例及球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量。本研究结果为小麦产量和品质领域研究奠定了一定的理论基础。
In order to find out the changes of wheat yield and nutrient accumulation and distribution after the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, under the condition of pot experiment, taking Zhongmai 8 as test material, on the basis of setting three nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, At the flowering stage, three soil moisture levels (W1, SRWC = 75%), mild water deficit (W2, SRWC = 60%) and severe water deficit (W3, SRWC = 45% Effects of Fertilizer and Water Regulation on Yield, Nutrient Accumulation and Grain Protein Components in Winter Wheat. The results showed that, compared with the suitable soil water after anthesis, the light and severe water deficit yield after anthesis decreased by 9.73% and 15.55%, the grain nitrogen accumulation decreased by 3.41% and 13.64%, and the content of gliadin decreased 0.1% and 1.1%, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain phosphorus accumulation, nutrient harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency and albumin content decreased to some extent, but the phosphorus use efficiency, globulin content and grain alcohol The opposite trend was observed. Among them, the highest phosphorus uptake efficiency was W3 (81.76 g · g -1), which was significantly higher than that of W1 and W2. Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers increased spikelet number and grain weight per spike, and increased grain nutrient accumulation and protein content, but decreased nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index. Among them, N and P fertilization treatments were significantly different from F1 (N 120kg · hm -2, P 2 O 596, F2 (N 180 kg · hm -2, P 2 O 5 14 4 kg · hm -2) and F3 (N 240 kg · hm -2, P 2 O 5192 kg · hm -2) decreased by 7.23% and 7.69% respectively. The soil was moderately deficient in water content, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers decreased yield, grain nitrogen allocation percentage and nutrient utilization efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, grain protein content and grain-alcohol ratio increased. Soil heavy water loss and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization decreased The phosphorus use efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, albumin content and grain / alcohol ratio increased the yield, the distribution proportion of grain phosphorus and globulin and gliadin content. The results of this study laid a theoretical foundation for the field of wheat yield and quality.