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目的分析石家庄市2009-2014年手足口病流行病学特征及病原学监测结果,为做好预防控制工作提供依据。方法利用描述性流行病学方法,分析手足口病的人群、地区、时间分布特征和病原学监测结果。结果 12009-2014年石家庄市手足口病平均发病率为127.61/10万,平均病死率为5.41/万,6年间手足口病发病率变化趋势不显著(γ=-0.764,P>0.05)。各年龄组均有发病,随着年龄增长发病率显著下降,发病主要集中在0~5岁组(1724.98/10万);男性发病率明显多于女性(1.52∶1)(χ2=10.646,P<0.01);职业分布特征以散居儿童多见,平均79.72%,其次是托幼儿童平均17.44%、学生平均2.51%。22009年、2010年、2012年、2014年手足口病城区发病率高于县乡,2013年城区发病率低于县乡,2011年城乡发病率相近。3全年均有发病,表现出明显的季节性,多集中在4~6月。42009年、2012年监测优势病毒株为Cox A16,2010年、2011年、2014年为EV 71,2013年为EV 71和其他肠道病毒,并且发现重症病例与肠道EV 71型病毒有统计学关联(P<0.01)。结论石家庄市0~5岁组男性、散居儿童是手足口病发生的高危人群,发病季节多集中在4~6月,重症病例与EV 71型病毒有关联,应围绕高发季节做好高危人群的预防控制工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease and the results of etiological monitoring from 2009 to 2014 in Shijiazhuang and to provide a basis for prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population, area, time distribution characteristics and etiological monitoring results of HFMD. Results The average incidence of HFMD in Shijiazhuang from 12009 to 2014 was 127.61 / 100,000 with an average mortality rate of 5.41 / million. The trend of HFMD was not significant (γ = -0.764, P> 0.05) over the 6 years. Incidence of each age group, with the incidence of age decreased significantly, the incidence mainly concentrated in 0 to 5 years old group (1724.98 / 100000); male morbidity was significantly more than female (1.52: 1) (χ2 = 10.646, P <0.01). The occupational distribution was more common in scattered children, with an average of 79.72%, followed by children with kindergartens and nurses, with an average of 17.44% and students with an average of 2.51%. In 22009, 2010, 2012 and 2014, the incidence of HFMD in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. In 2013, the incidence in urban areas was lower than that in counties and townships. In 2011, the incidence in urban and rural areas was similar. 3 all year disease, showing a clear seasonal, mostly concentrated in 4 to 6 months. In 42009, the predominant virus strain monitored in 2012 was Cox A16, EV 71 in 2010, 2011 and 2014, EV 71 and other enteroviruses in 2013, and statistics of severe cases and enteric EV71 viruses were found (P <0.01). Conclusions Male and children in the age group of 0-5 years old in Shijiazhuang City are the most likely to have HFMD. The season of onset is mostly between April and June. Severe cases are associated with EV71 virus. The high-risk population should be established around the high incidence season Prevention and control work.