The inflammatory response is induced by the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin(IL)-1β, and is one of the main causes of intervertebra
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR) is implicated in tumor growth and metastasis due to its ability to activate latent growth factors, proteases, and
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH) is a prevalent noninflammatory spondyloarthropathy characterized by ectopic mineral formation along the anterolat