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人们注意到:在发达的工业社会里,象工程师和技术员这样一些阶层的人数有了极大的增长。同时,近20年来,工人的专业技术水平也在提高。因此,把劳动的职能仅仅划分为体力劳动和脑力劳动已经越来越无法解释在我们眼前所发生的各种变化了。在一个劳动集体内部,随着机器或工业设备计算机化而产生了各种新的职能。在这些新职能的分配中,显然不存在什么技术宿命论。数控机床的例子就说明了这一点。最近,经济学和劳动社会学研究所的一个小组对数控机床在法、德、英3国的应用进行了比较。比较结果表明,数控机床的应用在生产上所引起的某些结果是一样的,但在各国社会阶层的变化方面所引起的结果却很不相同。德国的教育制度不象法国那样把学校和企业分
People have noticed that there has been a huge increase in the number of people in the advanced industrial society, such as engineers and technicians. In the meantime, the professional skills of workers have been rising in the past 20 years. Therefore, it is increasingly impossible to explain the changes that have taken place in our eyes simply by dividing the functions of labor into manual and mental work. Within a labor collective, various new functions arise as computers or industrial devices are computerized. In the distribution of these new functions, there is obviously no technical fatalism. This is illustrated by the example of a CNC machine. Recently, a team of the Institute of Economics and Labor Sociology compared the use of CNC machine tools in France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The comparison shows that some of the results produced by NC machine tools are the same in production, but the result is very different in the changes of social strata in different countries. The German education system does not divide schools and businesses like France did