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目的了解上海社区人群高血压的患病率及相关危险因素,为社区高血压的早期防治提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法,随机抽取宝山区淞南社区下属的8个居委40岁以上的常住居民10185人,进行问卷调查,调查内容为高血压的患病率及其危险因素。结果宝山区淞南社区人群的高血压患病率为49.9%,男性的患病率显著高于女性(53.7%vs47.3%)(P<0.0001)。该社区高血压的知晓率为70.2%,控制率为23.7%。随着年龄的增加,男性和女性的患病率均呈增高趋势(P<0.0001)。与正常体质量指数者相比,超重、肥胖患者的高血压患病率显著升高(53.7%、70.7%vs36.3%)(P<0.0001)。空腹血糖受损和糖尿病患者的高血压患病率也显著高于正常糖耐量者(64.5%、71.2%vs43.7%)(P<0.0001)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、男性、饮酒、超重/肥胖、糖代谢异常及高三酰甘油是高血压的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论应加强社区高血压防治力度,尤其关注老年人、超重/肥胖以及存在糖脂代谢紊乱患者中高血压的筛查及早期控制,以期降低心脑血管疾病的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors in Shanghai community population and to provide a scientific basis for early prevention and treatment of community hypertension. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 10185 permanent residents over 40 years of age from 8 residents of Songnan community in Baoshan District to conduct a questionnaire survey. The survey included the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 49.9% in Songnan community of Baoshan District. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in males than in females (53.7% vs 47.3%, P <0.0001). The community awareness of hypertension was 70.2%, the control rate was 23.7%. The prevalence of both men and women increased with age (P <0.0001). Compared with the normal body mass index, the prevalence of hypertension in overweight and obesity patients was significantly higher (53.7%, 70.7% vs36.3%) (P <0.0001). The prevalence of hypertension in patients with impaired fasting glucose and diabetes was also significantly higher than those with normal glucose tolerance (64.5%, 71.2% vs 43.7%) (P <0.0001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, male, alcohol consumption, overweight / obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia were independent risk factors for hypertension (P <0.05). Conclusions Should strengthen the prevention and treatment of community hypertension, with particular attention to the elderly, overweight / obesity and the presence of glucose and lipid disorders in patients with hypertension screening and early control in order to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.