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目的了解武汉市不同经济类型企业职业病危害现状,为制定职业病防治对策提供依据。方法制定统一调查表,统一培训调查人员,2007—2009年进行现场调查。结果共调查企业2 891家,存在职业病危害的企业有1 369家(47.35%);内资企业存在职业病危害企业数和接触职业病危害人数最多,分别占57.33%、28.55%;私有企业女工和农民工接触职业病危害所占比例最大,分别为33.39%、64.90%;粉尘危害最为严重,超标率最高可达71.97%,其次为物理因素危害,超标率最高可达36.53%;职业卫生管理机构设置率为33.00%;岗前、在岗职业健康检查率分别为28.34%、72.36%,其中,部分内资和私有企业在岗期间职业健康检查率均低于60.00%。结论应进一步宣传贯彻落实《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》,强化职业病危害源头控制;加大力度构建“政府监管-职业卫生技术服务机构服务-企业自律管理”三位一体的职业病防治体系,不断提高企业职业卫生工作水平。
Objective To understand the current status of occupational diseases in different economic types in Wuhan and to provide the basis for formulating the prevention and control measures of occupational diseases. Methods Establish a unified questionnaire, unified training of investigators, 2007-2009 on-site survey. Results A total of 2 891 enterprises were surveyed, with 1 369 enterprises (47.35%) having occupational disease hazards. Among the domestic-funded enterprises, the number of occupational hazards and occupational hazards accounted for 57.33% and 28.55% respectively. Women workers and migrant workers in private enterprises Occupational hazards accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for 33.39% and 64.90% respectively. The dust hazard was the most serious, exceeding the maximum rate of 71.97%, followed by physical hazards, exceeding the maximum rate of 36.53%; occupational health management institutions set the rate of 33.00%. Before the job, the occupational health check-ups were 28.34% and 72.36% respectively. Among them, the occupational health check-up rates of some domestic-funded and private-owned enterprises during their posts were below 60.00%. Conclusions The “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases” should be further publicized to strengthen the control over the source of occupational hazards. The government should intensify efforts to establish a “three-in-one system for prevention and control of occupational diseases” Occupational health work level.