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受浓雾影响,高速公路极易发生追尾等交通事故。该文建立了浓雾下高速公路双车道间断放行措施的元胞自动机模型,用于量化研究中国试行的浓雾下高速公路间断放行管理措施,探讨影响该措施的相关因素。数值模拟结果显示:高速公路采取双车道间断放行措施时,发生追尾事故的概率fa随着放行时间间隔ht的增大而降低;而且,不同的限速条件下,h_t对应不同的临界值h_(max),间断放行措施可在h_t>h_(max)时保证浓雾下没有追尾事故发生;然而,在ht相同的条件下,雾区变长或两车道交错放行车辆均会增大f_a和h_(max)。借助该结果,高速公路管理部门可以通过采取合适的间断放行方案,有效控制追尾事故风险。
Affected by heavy fog, the highway is prone to rear-end and other traffic accidents. In this paper, a cellular automaton model for intermittent release of two-lane intermittent fog on expressway under fog is established to quantitatively study the intermittent release of the freeway under heavy fog in China and to explore the relevant factors that affect this measure. The numerical simulation results show that the probability of rear-end collision fa decreases with the increase of the release time interval ht when the expressway adopts the two-lane intermittent release measures. Moreover, h_t corresponds to different critical values h_ ( max) and intermittent release measures can ensure that there is no rear-end accident under dense fog when h_t> h_ (max); however, under the same condition of ht, the longer the fog zone or the staggered vehicles with two lanes will increase f_a and h_ (max). With this result, expressway authorities can effectively control the risk of rear-end accidents by adopting a suitable intermittent release plan.