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基于海权意识的有无,可以把中国海防分为传统海防和近现代海防,研究海防起源问题,其实就是如何看待传统海防问题。中国作为典型的濒海大陆农耕型国家,海防并不是随着中国境内政权的产生而产生的。从海防行为的发生地点(沿海陆岸/海岛/近海)、实施主体(官方海上武装力量)、时代背景与周边关系等三个要素出发,对明代以前传统海防起源问题进行综合考察,可以确定,把传统中国海防起源界定在宋元时代较为适宜。中国传统海防起源呈现出间歇性、渐进性、局部地区优先的特点。
Based on the existence of sea power awareness, the Chinese coastal defense can be divided into traditional coastal defense and modern coastal defense. The study of the origin of coastal defense is actually how to treat the traditional coastal defense. As a typical agrarian country in the coastal land of China, Haiphong does not emerge with the emergence of political power in China. Based on the following three elements: the place of coastal defense (coastal land / sea islands / offshore), the implementing agent (official maritime armed forces), the background of the times and the surrounding relations, the author made a comprehensive survey of the origins of traditional coastal defense before the Ming Dynasty, It is more appropriate to define the origin of the traditional Chinese coastal defense in Song and Yuan dynasties. The origins of China’s traditional coastal defense have shown intermittent, gradual, local characteristics of the first priority.