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分析我国西南地区近30年玉米的育种态势,得出玉米杂交种子粒产量随区域试验轮次呈线性增加,与对照比较,子粒产量平均每轮次递增1.87%;出苗至成熟天数随轮次呈线性延长,每轮次平均延长0.32d;株高随轮次呈线性增加,平均每轮次增高2.82cm;随年代增加,穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数和百粒重均呈增加趋势,秃尖长度表现为延长;种质基础与利用模式具有一定的特殊性。通过延长生育期和增加株高来提高产量,片面追求高秆稀植大穗型品种是西南地区玉米育种的误区。选准合适的育种目标,培育和改良核心育种材料,注重自交系一般配合力、自身产量和抗逆性选择是育种成败的关键。充分挖掘种质资源利用潜力,培育适合轻简栽培品种,将特用玉米育种与产业开发相结合应是今后玉米育种的发展方向。
Analysis of maize breeding situation in the past 30 years in southwest China showed that the yield of maize hybrid seeds increased linearly with the regional test run. Compared with the control, the average grain yield increased by 1.87% per round; the number of emergence to mature days was The average length of each plant was 0.32d. The plant height increased linearly with the number of rounds, increasing by 2.82cm per round. With the increase of age, the spike length, ear diameter, ear number, Showing an increasing trend, the length of bald tip showed prolonged; germplasm base and utilization mode has a certain degree of particularity. By prolonging the growth period and increasing the plant height to increase the yield, it is the misunderstanding of maize breeding in Southwest China to unilaterally pursue the cultivation of large-spike and big-spike varieties. Choosing the right breeding goal, nurturing and improving the core breeding material, focusing on the general combining ability of inbred lines, and choosing the yield and stress resistance are the keys to breeding success. Fully tap the utilization potential of germplasm resources, cultivate suitable light and light cultivars, the combination of special maize breeding and industrial development should be the future development direction of maize breeding.