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目的研究家兔正碰交通伤的损伤机制和伤情特点。方法30只家兔根据碰撞初速度不同分为3组,Ⅰ组(30km/h),Ⅱ组(40km/h),Ⅲ组(50km/h)。以坐姿固定家兔于动物固定台车上,按预先设置速度和加速度启动动力牵引系统开始致伤过程。用激光测速系统和高速摄像系统测量和分析碰撞瞬间动物固定台车的速度和减速度。观察致伤后动物的伤情特点,对家兔作大体解剖并进行AIS-ISS评分。结果伤后1h内Ⅱ组死亡1只兔子,Ⅲ组死亡3只兔子,其余动物均存活。Ⅰ组未见明显脏器损伤,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组家兔损伤部位为胸腹部,AIS(MAIS)和ISS评分分别是(2.30±0.65)、(14.50±2.10)、(4.20±0.70)、(36.40±4.58)。结论碰撞初速度和减速度对动物的伤情有影响,胸腹部是兔正碰交通伤的主要损伤部位。
Objective To study the injury mechanism and the injury characteristics of a straight-touch traffic injury in rabbits. Methods Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups according to the initial velocity: group Ⅰ (30km / h), group Ⅱ (40km / h) and group Ⅲ (50km / h). To a fixed position rabbit fixed animal trolleys, according to pre-set speed and acceleration to start the power traction system to start the injury process. Laser speed system and high-speed camera system were used to measure and analyze the speed and deceleration of the fixed trolley at the moment of collision. The injury characteristics of the injured animals were observed. Gross anatomy and AIS-ISS were performed on the rabbits. Results Within 1 hour after injury, 1 rabbit died in group Ⅱ and 3 rabbits died in group Ⅲ, all the other animals survived. The lesions in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were thorax and abdomen. The scores of AIS (MAIS) and ISS were (2.30 ± 0.65), (14.50 ± 2.10), (4.20 ± 0.70) and (36.40 ± 4.58). Conclusions The initial velocity and deceleration of impact have an impact on the animal injury, and the chest and abdomen are the main injury sites of the traffic accidental injury of rabbits.