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通过古代中国和古代希腊对“身心关系”、“人天关系”认识的分析入手,讨论了古代中希健身理念的差异。认为:古代中国“一体二用”身心观,在肯定生理(形)健康是心理(神)健康基础的前提下,突出强调了精神对形体的控制与调节作用;在处理客观规律(天命)与主观努力(人为)的关系上,既强调了遵循客观规律的必要性,也指出了主观努力的重要意义。古代希腊的先贤对“身心关系”的理解,尽管存在认识上的差距,但有一点是共同的,即他们的基本模式都是“二元并存”。古希腊强调的是:选择灵魂(理性)的需要而不是躯体(感觉)的需要,按照人的理性需要去影响生命运动;正是这两种不同的健身理念对中国古代人们选择的体育保健行为与古代希腊人所倡导的健身行为产生了重大影响,而最终形成了风格不同的体育文化传统。
Through the analysis of ancient China and ancient Greece on the understanding of “body-mind relationship” and “relationship between man and sky”, this paper discusses the differences between the ancient Chinese and Greek fitness ideas. It is considered that the concept of “one body and two bodies” in ancient China, under the premise of affirming that physical health is the basis of mental health, emphasizes the control and regulation of mental body. In the process of dealing with objective laws Subjective effort (man-made) relations, not only stressed the need to follow the objective laws, but also pointed out the importance of subjective efforts. The understanding of the “spiritual and spiritual relations” by the ancient Greek sages did have one thing in common although their basic models were “dualistic.” In ancient Greece, the need to choose the soul (reason) instead of the body (feeling) needs to influence the life movement in accordance with the rational needs of human beings. It is precisely these two different concepts of physical fitness that are chosen by the ancient Chinese people for their health care behaviors And the ancient Greeks advocated the fitness behavior had a significant impact, and eventually formed a different sports and cultural traditions.