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心电轴是指心室除极心电向量环平均电轴(QRS电轴)在额面上的投影,通常用其最大向量与Ⅰ导联轴正侧端所构成的角度表示。在+30°～90°范围为心电轴正常,平均为+60°。准确判断心电轴对诊断许多心脏异常病变有重要临床意义,以往教科书和专业心电图著作上也介绍了目测法判断心电轴,但都是粗略地估计心电轴的偏移情况,而不能得出偏移度数。要想精确地判断心电轴,则多采用振幅法,即算出Ⅰ和Ⅱ导联QRS、波群振幅(电压)代数和,然后作图或查表得出心电轴的角度,这样较费时间,且身边需有心电图工具书。作者采用改良的目测法精确快速判断心电轴,与传统的振幅法判断心电轴对照,误差≤|±7.5°|,这给临床医师和心电医师(尤其是身边没带心电图工具书时)迅速准确地到断心电轴带来了很大方便。现将具体判断方法介绍如下。
Cardiac axis refers to the ventricular depolarization ECG loop average electric axis (QRS axis) on the frontal projection, usually with its maximum vector and Ⅰ lead axis positive side of the angle formed by the angle. In the range of + 30 ° ~ 90 °, the ECG axis is normal, with an average of + 60 °. Accurately determine the ECG axis for the diagnosis of many cardiac abnormalities have important clinical significance, in the past textbooks and professional ECG also introduced the visual method to determine the ECG axis, but they are rough estimates of cardiac axis offset, and can not be Out of the degree of deviation. To accurately determine the ECG axis, the more the use of amplitude method, that is, calculate the QRS Ⅰ and Ⅱ leads, wave amplitude (voltage) algebra and then plot or look-up table ECG axis angle, so more fees Time, and around the need for ECG tools. The author uses a modified visual method to quickly and accurately determine the ECG axis, compared with the traditional amplitude method to determine the ECG axis with an error ≤ | ± 7.5 ° |, which gives clinicians and cardiologists (especially those who do not bring ECG tools ) Fast and accurate to the broken electric axis brought great convenience. Now determine the specific method described below.