论文部分内容阅读
一、重点词汇
1. random
课文原句：These flags are more than just pieces of cloth sewn together at random with thread. （P34， L1）
点拨：① random是形容词，意为“随机的，任意的”，常构成短语at random， 意为“随机，随意”。
He was not listening and made a random answer to the teachers question.
The girl opened a book at random and started reading.
② more than 在句中意为“不仅仅是”，还可表示“超过，多于；非常，十分”。
Animals hibernation is more than sleep.
More than 20 students have failed the exam.
We were more than happy to hear of your success.
拓展：
more than sb. could do 超出某人的能力范围
not more than... 至多，不超过
no more than... 仅仅，只是
more... than... 与其说……不如说……
The job is more than I could do myself.
She is more a friend than a teacher to me.
2. fundamental
课文原句：The French revolution led to fundamental changes throughout the country. （P34， L6）
点拨：fundamental 在句中作形容词，意为“十分重大的；根本的；基础的”。
The fundamental cause of his success is his diligence.
它本身也可以作名词，意为“基本原则，根本法则”。
I have learned the fundamentals of cooking this summer.
3. abolish
课文原句：Many of the past ways were abolished， and the people won liberation. （P34， L8）
点拨：abolish 在句中作动词，意为“废除，废止（法律、制度、习俗等）”。
Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States.
Some old and bad customs ought to be abolished.
4. salute
课文原句：In salute to the French and their revolution， many countries have chosen to use the same colors on their flags as the French did. （P34， L15）
点拨：salute在句中作名词，构成短语，意为“向……敬礼，致敬”。它还可作动词用，意为“致敬，表示敬意”。
We salute the flag every Monday at school.
Beijing people salute foreign guests and friends all over the world.
5. rate
课文原句：However， after the French and Indian War， the British raised the tax rates in America to a high level in order to pay for the conflict. （P34， L23）
点拨：① rate在句中作名词，意为“比率”，它还可表示“速度；等级”。
The unemployment rate is rising in China in recent years.
Cars are limited to the rate of 60 miles an hour in the downtown.
My parents tried their best to give me a firstrate education.
② rate作动词用时，意为“评估；划分等级”。
How do you rate your chances of passing the final exam？
Our school doesnt rate four stars at all.
6. object
课文原句：When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their colonies instead； taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （P34， L24） 点拨：object 在句中作动词，意为“口头表示反对（或不同意） （oppose；disagree）”，它也可用作名词，表示（可见或可触摸的）物体，东西（thing）。
① Do you object to working on Sundays？
② They objected that he was too careless to take up this job.
③ I object being repeatedly dropped on this way.
A. in； on B. to； in
C. in； to D. on； in
答案：B
归纳：
object to sb. / sth. 反对，不赞成某人 / 某事，to为介词
object to sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事
be for... / against... 支持 / 反对……
易错提示
object用作及物动词时，其后不可直接接名词或代词作宾语，可接宾语从句，表示“提出反对……的理由”；用作不及物动词时，后面须接介词to，表示“不赞成、反对的具体内容或对象”，介词后可接名词、代词或动名词，注意不要想当然地使用object sb. to do sth.
7. compromise
课文原句：When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their colonies instead， taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （P34， L24）
点拨：compromise 在句中作动词，意为“妥协，让步”，它也可作名词，意为“妥协，折中，和解 （agreement）；v. 妥协，折中，让步 （give in）”。
归纳拓展
reach / arrive at / come to a compromise on... 就……达成妥协
make a compromise / compromises with作出让步，与……妥协
compromise with sb. on / over / about sth.与某人就某事和解
compromise between... and... 在……和……之间妥协
Unless a compromise is reached， there will be a strike.
除非能达成妥协，否则将有一场罢工。
They were unwilling to compromise with the military.
他们不愿与军方妥协。
8. submit
课文原句：On 4 July 1776， they declared that they would no longer submit to British rules. （P35， L29）
点拨：submit在句中作动词，表示服从 （give in），还可表示主张（say or suggest）；呈递；提交。
① After that，he submit an application to the manager.
② At no time shall we submit to their threats.
归纳拓展
submit an application to... 向……提交申请
submit （oneself） to sb. / sth. 顺从﹑服从某人或某事
submit that... （正式）认为，建议……
9. date back to=date from
课文原句：The flag， which is made up of a red band over a white one， is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century， which had nine red and white stripes. （P35， L39）
点拨：date back to / date from 通常只用于一般现在时，作定语时，用其ing 形式。
① The history of humanity may date back to the Ice Age.
② Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty.
拓展：
out of date 过时的，不流行的
up to date 现代的，时兴的
10. substitute n. 代用品；代替者；v. 替代（take the place of； replace）
归纳：
substitute for 代替，取代
substitute A for B=substitute B with A 用A代替B replace B with A 用A替换B
exchange A for B 用A替换/兑换B
be no substitute for sth.
There is no substitute for sth.
① Owing to the high insurance costs， the original painting has been substituted with a copy.
② There is no substitute for experience.
③ Nothing can substitute for the love your parents give you.
④ He substituted honey for sugar.
⑤ Washing the food down with water as a substitute chewing is not a good habit.
A. of B. for
C. to D. from
答案：B
11. bound adj. 一定会；受……的约束而必须做某事；准备前往（某地）
① The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.
明天天气一定会变好。
② He is too bound up in his own worries to be able to help us.
他忙于解决自己的那些烦心事，无法帮助我们。
③ Is the bus bound for church station？
这辆公交车途经教堂站吗？
归纳拓展
be bound to do... 一定会……，肯定会……；有责任或义务做……
be bound to sth. 被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上
be bound up in sth. 热心于某事；忙于某事
be bound up with sth. 与某事物密切相关
12. refer to 提到，参考，查阅，求助于
课文原句：However， people in western countries also associate green with envy， or to refer to someone with little experience.
点拨：① Please refer to the references for details.
② She referred to the subject several times during her speech.
③ It was foolish of him to his notes during such an important test， and as a result， he got punished.
A. point to B. keep to
C. stick to D. refer to
答案：D
二、重点句型
13. Therefore，the next time you choose your clothes，you should think more carefully about what colors to wear.
因此，下一次选服装时，你应仔细考虑穿什么颜色。
点拨：① 名词短语the next time 在句中作连词用，引导一个时间状语从句。
The next time you come， do remember to bring your daughter here.
② the first time， the last time， every time，each time等都可作连词用。
Each time you are in trouble， dont hesitate to come to me.
③ the moment （minute， instant）等也可作连词用，意为“一……就……”；而副词作连词的有immediately， instantly， directly等。
The moment I heard the song，I felt sad.
14. Yellow shows courage in Japan and peace in India， but， in western cultures， if someone is said to be yellow， it means he or she is easily frightened.
黄色在日本代表勇气，在印度代表和平，但在西方文化中，如果说某人是黄色的，意思是这个人胆小。
点拨：be said to 据说，可与句型 its said that sb....转换。
① She is said to work as a teacher. = It is said that she works as a teacher.
② The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
③ The boy is said to be playing basketball on the playground. ④ —Is he said his car lost？
—Yes. He was so foolish leave his car .
A. that； that； unlocked
B. to have had； as to； unlocked
C. to have； for him to； unlocked
D. to have； to； unlocked
答案：B。
Module 9 Unit 4
一、重点词汇
1. straightforward
课文原句：An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words. （P50， L1） 习语是由一组词或词组组成的，其意义不容易懂，因为仅看单独单词的意义是无法理解的。
拓展：理解下列句中straightforward的意思。
The question seemed straightforward enough.（容易的）
She is a straightforward and kind girl.（率真的）
We will take a straightforward route to the downtown.（笔直的）
As a teacher， my responsibility is straightforward.（明确的）
2. in other words 换句话说
课文原句：In other words， its meaning can be very different from the apparent meaning of its components. （P50，L3） 换言之，它的含义与其组成单词的字面意思可能完全不同。
拓展：
in a word 总之
break ones word 食言
keep ones word 守信
pick ones words 斟字酌句
word came that 有消息传来
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人吵架
3. vague adj. 不明确的，含糊的，模糊的
课文原句：However， many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now. （P50，L12） 然而，今天许多习语原意荡然无存，或者只与原意有含糊或者松散的联系。
点拨：a vague idea / feeling / shape 一种模棱两可的想法，感觉，轮廓
be vague about 对……模糊不清
Your answer to my question was too vague to help me solve my problem.
4. by and by
课文原句：For example， “by and by” now means “before long”， but in the Bible it was used to mean “immediately”. （P50，L13）
Once you practise spoken English every day， by and by you will feel that it comes so easy.
拓展：
by and large 大体上，总的来说
by far 迄今为止；非常
by the way 顺便问一下
by chance 偶然，碰巧
by turns 轮流；交替
by all means 一定，务必；当然
before long=shortly afterwards 不久之后
long before 很久以前
5. strike
课文原句：In the dream， a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet. （P50， L31）
点拨：strike 作为动词，过去式struck，过去分词struck / stricken可表示：打，击，撞 （hit）；侵袭 （attack）；给 （某人以……）印象（impress）；（时钟） 敲，响，报时 （show the time）；擦，划 （火柴）（rub）。
（1） The visitors were struck by the beauty of the CN Tower. 给（某人）留下印象
（2） Strike while the iron is hot. 敲打
（3） They predict that a destructive earthquake will strike this area before the end of the century. 袭击，侵袭 （4） When the clock strikes six，the children go home for dinner. 敲，响，报时
（5） He struck a match to light an cigarette. 擦，划
拓展
strike sb. adj.突然袭击使（某人）处于（某种状态）
It strikes sb. that...
=It occurs to sb. that... （某人）突然想到……
be on strike在罢工
易混辨析：hit，beat，strike，knock
hit指“打中、袭击或有目的地对准……来打”。
beat着重指“连续地打击”，有殴打、击败之意；也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；也指“心跳”。
strike通常指一下一下地打或敲击；留下印记等；还有“打动；使……着迷；某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义；也可指“（钟） 敲响”。
knock指敲打并伴有响声，它还有“打倒，打翻”的意思，常与at、on连用。
用hit，beat，strike，knock的适当形式填空
（1） The Iraq army was .
（2） Someone is at the door.
（3） A good idea suddenly him.
（4） One of the stones him on the head.
答案：（1） beaten （2） knocking （3） struck （4） hit
6. burden n.（义务、责任等的）重担，负担（duty；responsibility）；v. （使） 担负 （沉重或艰难的任务、职责等） （give sb. a duty， responsibility etc.）
归纳
（bear / carry / ease / reduce / share the burden 承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担
be / become a burden to sb. 成为某人的负担
burden sb. / oneself with sth. 使某人/自己负担某事
be burdened with负载着，背负着
① Parents always dont want to be / become a burden to their children when they are old.
父母们都不想在年老的时候成为孩子们的累赘。
② She got off the bus，burdened with two heavy suitcases.
她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。
③ We should bear / carry the burden of caring for the old.
我们应该承担照顾老人的重担。
7. catch on 卡住，绊住；学会，理解，明白（understand）；变得流行（become popular or fashionable）
（1） The little boy caught his foot on the threshold and cried.
You will catch on to the job once you begin to do it.
It was a popular style in Britain but it never really caught on in America.
（2） 用关于catch的词组填空
① My boyfriend my sleeve and pulled me back.
② Once （smoke） in the kitchen， the cook will be fired.
③ I suddenly a famous actor in the crowd.
④ We a traffic jam on the way here.
⑤ You go ahead.Ill you .
⑥ this rope， and we will pull you up.
答案：① caught hold of ② caught smoking
③ caught sight of ④ got caught in ⑤ catch， up
⑥ Catch at
归纳拓展
catch hold of 抓住；拥有
catch sight of 瞧见；看见
be caught in 遭遇上
catch up with sb. 追上/赶上某人
catch sb. doing sth. 当场发现某人做某事
catch at 试图抓住
8. count on 依靠，依赖
课文原句：The proverb “dont count your chickens until they are hatched” means “dont count something going well until it happens”. 谚语“蛋尚未孵出，勿先数鸡”意思为“别高兴得太早”。
And this time developers cannot count on credit to tide them over.
而这一次开发商无法指望用信贷来渡过难关。
For this job， my lack of experience may count against me.
缺乏经验可能对我申请这份工作不利。
I hear you are going shopping this weekend. Count me in！
我听说你们这周末去逛街。带上我吧。
9. deliver v. 运送，分送；发表（演讲）；移交，交出；履行，兑换（诺言）
课文原句：Ask student 2 about the different names for Father Christmas in different countries， and also about when this person is supposed to deliver presents in each country.
问一下第二个同学圣诞老人在不同国家的名称，并且问一下每个国家圣诞老人是何时派发礼物的。
They plan to deliver more food to the poor. （运送，分送）
The principal will deliver a speech about this school in the following 50 years.（发表演讲）
They delivered the thief over to the police. （移交，交出）
The president promised a $50 rebate for each taxpayer but failed to deliver it.（兑换诺言）
10. as such
课文原句：The White Horse Temple is important to Chinese people and history，and as such，it is one of the first historic buildings that the government listed to receive special state protection.
对于中国人民和中国历史来说，白马寺具有重要意义，正因为如此，它被政府列为首批受国家重点保护的历史建筑。
点拨：as such
① 表示“按照某词通用的词义，根据某词严格的词义”。
It is not an agreement as such， but it will have virtually the same effect as one.
它算不上是一份协议，但实际上起到了协定的作用。
② 表示“就本身而论”。
Money， as such， does not bring people happiness.
金钱本身并不能给人们带来快乐。
③ 表示“以某种身份或资格”。
He is the donator of the money， but he does not desire to be known as such.
辨析：such as意思为“比如”，用来列举同类的例子，相当于like， for example。
Girls like many flowers， such as roses， sunflowers.
Such... as... 表示“像这样的”，其中as用作关系代词，引导定语从句。
He is not such a fool as looks.
二、重点句型
1. An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words. （P50， L1）
点拨：whose引导定语从句
归纳
（1） 句中whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
（2） whose短语在定语从句中有时可作介词宾语，即构成“介词 whose 名词”引导定语从句。
Jack， whose legs were badly hurt，was sent to the nearest hospital immediately.
I have a house， whose window / of which the window / the window of which faces south.
He is the father of whose son we are always proud.
（3） 代词（most， both， all， neither， either， none等） of which / whom引导定语从句的用法。
I have many dictionaries， none of which are practical. The Bible was first written in Hebrew and Greek， both of which use many idioms.
2. It was the White Horse Temple that first brought the meaning of “temple” to the word “si”.
点拨：这是一个强调句型，被强调部分是 the White Horse Temple，还原成正常语序为：the White Horse Temple first brought the meaning of “temple” to the word “si”.
① 强调句型的结构为：it is / was 被强调部分 that 其他成分。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语。
I met Tom at the railway station yesterday.
It was I that / who met Tom at the railway station yesterday.
It was Tom that I met at the railway station yesterday.
It was at the railway station that I met Tom yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met Tom at the railway station.
② 强调句型的一般疑问句需把is / was提前。强调句型的特殊疑问句式为：特殊疑问词 is / was it 其他成分。
When and where was it that you met Tom？
③ not... until...的强调句型
句型为：it is / was not until 被强调部分 that 其他部分
It was not until my husband came back home that I went to bed.
④ 谓语动词的强调用助动词do， does， did.
Do be careful when you cross the road.
I did love you before.
（作者：王莹茹，江苏省如皋中学）
1. random
课文原句：These flags are more than just pieces of cloth sewn together at random with thread. （P34， L1）
点拨：① random是形容词，意为“随机的，任意的”，常构成短语at random， 意为“随机，随意”。
He was not listening and made a random answer to the teachers question.
The girl opened a book at random and started reading.
② more than 在句中意为“不仅仅是”，还可表示“超过，多于；非常，十分”。
Animals hibernation is more than sleep.
More than 20 students have failed the exam.
We were more than happy to hear of your success.
拓展：
more than sb. could do 超出某人的能力范围
not more than... 至多，不超过
no more than... 仅仅，只是
more... than... 与其说……不如说……
The job is more than I could do myself.
She is more a friend than a teacher to me.
2. fundamental
课文原句：The French revolution led to fundamental changes throughout the country. （P34， L6）
点拨：fundamental 在句中作形容词，意为“十分重大的；根本的；基础的”。
The fundamental cause of his success is his diligence.
它本身也可以作名词，意为“基本原则，根本法则”。
I have learned the fundamentals of cooking this summer.
3. abolish
课文原句：Many of the past ways were abolished， and the people won liberation. （P34， L8）
点拨：abolish 在句中作动词，意为“废除，废止（法律、制度、习俗等）”。
Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States.
Some old and bad customs ought to be abolished.
4. salute
课文原句：In salute to the French and their revolution， many countries have chosen to use the same colors on their flags as the French did. （P34， L15）
点拨：salute在句中作名词，构成短语，意为“向……敬礼，致敬”。它还可作动词用，意为“致敬，表示敬意”。
We salute the flag every Monday at school.
Beijing people salute foreign guests and friends all over the world.
5. rate
课文原句：However， after the French and Indian War， the British raised the tax rates in America to a high level in order to pay for the conflict. （P34， L23）
点拨：① rate在句中作名词，意为“比率”，它还可表示“速度；等级”。
The unemployment rate is rising in China in recent years.
Cars are limited to the rate of 60 miles an hour in the downtown.
My parents tried their best to give me a firstrate education.
② rate作动词用时，意为“评估；划分等级”。
How do you rate your chances of passing the final exam？
Our school doesnt rate four stars at all.
6. object
课文原句：When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their colonies instead； taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （P34， L24） 点拨：object 在句中作动词，意为“口头表示反对（或不同意） （oppose；disagree）”，它也可用作名词，表示（可见或可触摸的）物体，东西（thing）。
① Do you object to working on Sundays？
② They objected that he was too careless to take up this job.
③ I object being repeatedly dropped on this way.
A. in； on B. to； in
C. in； to D. on； in
答案：B
归纳：
object to sb. / sth. 反对，不赞成某人 / 某事，to为介词
object to sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事
be for... / against... 支持 / 反对……
易错提示
object用作及物动词时，其后不可直接接名词或代词作宾语，可接宾语从句，表示“提出反对……的理由”；用作不及物动词时，后面须接介词to，表示“不赞成、反对的具体内容或对象”，介词后可接名词、代词或动名词，注意不要想当然地使用object sb. to do sth.
7. compromise
课文原句：When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their colonies instead， taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （P34， L24）
点拨：compromise 在句中作动词，意为“妥协，让步”，它也可作名词，意为“妥协，折中，和解 （agreement）；v. 妥协，折中，让步 （give in）”。
归纳拓展
reach / arrive at / come to a compromise on... 就……达成妥协
make a compromise / compromises with作出让步，与……妥协
compromise with sb. on / over / about sth.与某人就某事和解
compromise between... and... 在……和……之间妥协
Unless a compromise is reached， there will be a strike.
除非能达成妥协，否则将有一场罢工。
They were unwilling to compromise with the military.
他们不愿与军方妥协。
8. submit
课文原句：On 4 July 1776， they declared that they would no longer submit to British rules. （P35， L29）
点拨：submit在句中作动词，表示服从 （give in），还可表示主张（say or suggest）；呈递；提交。
① After that，he submit an application to the manager.
② At no time shall we submit to their threats.
归纳拓展
submit an application to... 向……提交申请
submit （oneself） to sb. / sth. 顺从﹑服从某人或某事
submit that... （正式）认为，建议……
9. date back to=date from
课文原句：The flag， which is made up of a red band over a white one， is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century， which had nine red and white stripes. （P35， L39）
点拨：date back to / date from 通常只用于一般现在时，作定语时，用其ing 形式。
① The history of humanity may date back to the Ice Age.
② Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty.
拓展：
out of date 过时的，不流行的
up to date 现代的，时兴的
10. substitute n. 代用品；代替者；v. 替代（take the place of； replace）
归纳：
substitute for 代替，取代
substitute A for B=substitute B with A 用A代替B replace B with A 用A替换B
exchange A for B 用A替换/兑换B
be no substitute for sth.
There is no substitute for sth.
① Owing to the high insurance costs， the original painting has been substituted with a copy.
② There is no substitute for experience.
③ Nothing can substitute for the love your parents give you.
④ He substituted honey for sugar.
⑤ Washing the food down with water as a substitute chewing is not a good habit.
A. of B. for
C. to D. from
答案：B
11. bound adj. 一定会；受……的约束而必须做某事；准备前往（某地）
① The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.
明天天气一定会变好。
② He is too bound up in his own worries to be able to help us.
他忙于解决自己的那些烦心事，无法帮助我们。
③ Is the bus bound for church station？
这辆公交车途经教堂站吗？
归纳拓展
be bound to do... 一定会……，肯定会……；有责任或义务做……
be bound to sth. 被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上
be bound up in sth. 热心于某事；忙于某事
be bound up with sth. 与某事物密切相关
12. refer to 提到，参考，查阅，求助于
课文原句：However， people in western countries also associate green with envy， or to refer to someone with little experience.
点拨：① Please refer to the references for details.
② She referred to the subject several times during her speech.
③ It was foolish of him to his notes during such an important test， and as a result， he got punished.
A. point to B. keep to
C. stick to D. refer to
答案：D
二、重点句型
13. Therefore，the next time you choose your clothes，you should think more carefully about what colors to wear.
因此，下一次选服装时，你应仔细考虑穿什么颜色。
点拨：① 名词短语the next time 在句中作连词用，引导一个时间状语从句。
The next time you come， do remember to bring your daughter here.
② the first time， the last time， every time，each time等都可作连词用。
Each time you are in trouble， dont hesitate to come to me.
③ the moment （minute， instant）等也可作连词用，意为“一……就……”；而副词作连词的有immediately， instantly， directly等。
The moment I heard the song，I felt sad.
14. Yellow shows courage in Japan and peace in India， but， in western cultures， if someone is said to be yellow， it means he or she is easily frightened.
黄色在日本代表勇气，在印度代表和平，但在西方文化中，如果说某人是黄色的，意思是这个人胆小。
点拨：be said to 据说，可与句型 its said that sb....转换。
① She is said to work as a teacher. = It is said that she works as a teacher.
② The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
③ The boy is said to be playing basketball on the playground. ④ —Is he said his car lost？
—Yes. He was so foolish leave his car .
A. that； that； unlocked
B. to have had； as to； unlocked
C. to have； for him to； unlocked
D. to have； to； unlocked
答案：B。
Module 9 Unit 4
一、重点词汇
1. straightforward
课文原句：An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words. （P50， L1） 习语是由一组词或词组组成的，其意义不容易懂，因为仅看单独单词的意义是无法理解的。
拓展：理解下列句中straightforward的意思。
The question seemed straightforward enough.（容易的）
She is a straightforward and kind girl.（率真的）
We will take a straightforward route to the downtown.（笔直的）
As a teacher， my responsibility is straightforward.（明确的）
2. in other words 换句话说
课文原句：In other words， its meaning can be very different from the apparent meaning of its components. （P50，L3） 换言之，它的含义与其组成单词的字面意思可能完全不同。
拓展：
in a word 总之
break ones word 食言
keep ones word 守信
pick ones words 斟字酌句
word came that 有消息传来
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人吵架
3. vague adj. 不明确的，含糊的，模糊的
课文原句：However， many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now. （P50，L12） 然而，今天许多习语原意荡然无存，或者只与原意有含糊或者松散的联系。
点拨：a vague idea / feeling / shape 一种模棱两可的想法，感觉，轮廓
be vague about 对……模糊不清
Your answer to my question was too vague to help me solve my problem.
4. by and by
课文原句：For example， “by and by” now means “before long”， but in the Bible it was used to mean “immediately”. （P50，L13）
Once you practise spoken English every day， by and by you will feel that it comes so easy.
拓展：
by and large 大体上，总的来说
by far 迄今为止；非常
by the way 顺便问一下
by chance 偶然，碰巧
by turns 轮流；交替
by all means 一定，务必；当然
before long=shortly afterwards 不久之后
long before 很久以前
5. strike
课文原句：In the dream， a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet. （P50， L31）
点拨：strike 作为动词，过去式struck，过去分词struck / stricken可表示：打，击，撞 （hit）；侵袭 （attack）；给 （某人以……）印象（impress）；（时钟） 敲，响，报时 （show the time）；擦，划 （火柴）（rub）。
（1） The visitors were struck by the beauty of the CN Tower. 给（某人）留下印象
（2） Strike while the iron is hot. 敲打
（3） They predict that a destructive earthquake will strike this area before the end of the century. 袭击，侵袭 （4） When the clock strikes six，the children go home for dinner. 敲，响，报时
（5） He struck a match to light an cigarette. 擦，划
拓展
strike sb. adj.突然袭击使（某人）处于（某种状态）
It strikes sb. that...
=It occurs to sb. that... （某人）突然想到……
be on strike在罢工
易混辨析：hit，beat，strike，knock
hit指“打中、袭击或有目的地对准……来打”。
beat着重指“连续地打击”，有殴打、击败之意；也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；也指“心跳”。
strike通常指一下一下地打或敲击；留下印记等；还有“打动；使……着迷；某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义；也可指“（钟） 敲响”。
knock指敲打并伴有响声，它还有“打倒，打翻”的意思，常与at、on连用。
用hit，beat，strike，knock的适当形式填空
（1） The Iraq army was .
（2） Someone is at the door.
（3） A good idea suddenly him.
（4） One of the stones him on the head.
答案：（1） beaten （2） knocking （3） struck （4） hit
6. burden n.（义务、责任等的）重担，负担（duty；responsibility）；v. （使） 担负 （沉重或艰难的任务、职责等） （give sb. a duty， responsibility etc.）
归纳
（bear / carry / ease / reduce / share the burden 承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担
be / become a burden to sb. 成为某人的负担
burden sb. / oneself with sth. 使某人/自己负担某事
be burdened with负载着，背负着
① Parents always dont want to be / become a burden to their children when they are old.
父母们都不想在年老的时候成为孩子们的累赘。
② She got off the bus，burdened with two heavy suitcases.
她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。
③ We should bear / carry the burden of caring for the old.
我们应该承担照顾老人的重担。
7. catch on 卡住，绊住；学会，理解，明白（understand）；变得流行（become popular or fashionable）
（1） The little boy caught his foot on the threshold and cried.
You will catch on to the job once you begin to do it.
It was a popular style in Britain but it never really caught on in America.
（2） 用关于catch的词组填空
① My boyfriend my sleeve and pulled me back.
② Once （smoke） in the kitchen， the cook will be fired.
③ I suddenly a famous actor in the crowd.
④ We a traffic jam on the way here.
⑤ You go ahead.Ill you .
⑥ this rope， and we will pull you up.
答案：① caught hold of ② caught smoking
③ caught sight of ④ got caught in ⑤ catch， up
⑥ Catch at
归纳拓展
catch hold of 抓住；拥有
catch sight of 瞧见；看见
be caught in 遭遇上
catch up with sb. 追上/赶上某人
catch sb. doing sth. 当场发现某人做某事
catch at 试图抓住
8. count on 依靠，依赖
课文原句：The proverb “dont count your chickens until they are hatched” means “dont count something going well until it happens”. 谚语“蛋尚未孵出，勿先数鸡”意思为“别高兴得太早”。
And this time developers cannot count on credit to tide them over.
而这一次开发商无法指望用信贷来渡过难关。
For this job， my lack of experience may count against me.
缺乏经验可能对我申请这份工作不利。
I hear you are going shopping this weekend. Count me in！
我听说你们这周末去逛街。带上我吧。
9. deliver v. 运送，分送；发表（演讲）；移交，交出；履行，兑换（诺言）
课文原句：Ask student 2 about the different names for Father Christmas in different countries， and also about when this person is supposed to deliver presents in each country.
问一下第二个同学圣诞老人在不同国家的名称，并且问一下每个国家圣诞老人是何时派发礼物的。
They plan to deliver more food to the poor. （运送，分送）
The principal will deliver a speech about this school in the following 50 years.（发表演讲）
They delivered the thief over to the police. （移交，交出）
The president promised a $50 rebate for each taxpayer but failed to deliver it.（兑换诺言）
10. as such
课文原句：The White Horse Temple is important to Chinese people and history，and as such，it is one of the first historic buildings that the government listed to receive special state protection.
对于中国人民和中国历史来说，白马寺具有重要意义，正因为如此，它被政府列为首批受国家重点保护的历史建筑。
点拨：as such
① 表示“按照某词通用的词义，根据某词严格的词义”。
It is not an agreement as such， but it will have virtually the same effect as one.
它算不上是一份协议，但实际上起到了协定的作用。
② 表示“就本身而论”。
Money， as such， does not bring people happiness.
金钱本身并不能给人们带来快乐。
③ 表示“以某种身份或资格”。
He is the donator of the money， but he does not desire to be known as such.
辨析：such as意思为“比如”，用来列举同类的例子，相当于like， for example。
Girls like many flowers， such as roses， sunflowers.
Such... as... 表示“像这样的”，其中as用作关系代词，引导定语从句。
He is not such a fool as looks.
二、重点句型
1. An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words. （P50， L1）
点拨：whose引导定语从句
归纳
（1） 句中whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
（2） whose短语在定语从句中有时可作介词宾语，即构成“介词 whose 名词”引导定语从句。
Jack， whose legs were badly hurt，was sent to the nearest hospital immediately.
I have a house， whose window / of which the window / the window of which faces south.
He is the father of whose son we are always proud.
（3） 代词（most， both， all， neither， either， none等） of which / whom引导定语从句的用法。
I have many dictionaries， none of which are practical. The Bible was first written in Hebrew and Greek， both of which use many idioms.
2. It was the White Horse Temple that first brought the meaning of “temple” to the word “si”.
点拨：这是一个强调句型，被强调部分是 the White Horse Temple，还原成正常语序为：the White Horse Temple first brought the meaning of “temple” to the word “si”.
① 强调句型的结构为：it is / was 被强调部分 that 其他成分。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语。
I met Tom at the railway station yesterday.
It was I that / who met Tom at the railway station yesterday.
It was Tom that I met at the railway station yesterday.
It was at the railway station that I met Tom yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met Tom at the railway station.
② 强调句型的一般疑问句需把is / was提前。强调句型的特殊疑问句式为：特殊疑问词 is / was it 其他成分。
When and where was it that you met Tom？
③ not... until...的强调句型
句型为：it is / was not until 被强调部分 that 其他部分
It was not until my husband came back home that I went to bed.
④ 谓语动词的强调用助动词do， does， did.
Do be careful when you cross the road.
I did love you before.
（作者：王莹茹，江苏省如皋中学）