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采用PAM辅助水热法制备了形貌可控的ZnO纳米晶。X射线衍射分析表明,分别以水和丙三醇为溶剂制备的短棒和棒状的ZnO纳米晶是纤锌矿结构。场发射扫描电镜结果显示,短棒状ZnO的直径约200nm,长约1.5μm,而棒状ZnO的直径约100nm,长度约3μm。当ZnO形貌从短棒向棒状转变时,晶体纵横比从7.5转变成30。荧光光谱分析表明,位于400-450nm的紫峰强度随着形貌从短棒向棒状转变时增大,表明更细更长的ZnO一维纳米结构的缺陷越多;位于520-550nm的绿峰强度随着形貌从短棒向棒状转变时增大,表明更细更长的ZnO一维纳米结构的氧空位越多。并对不同溶剂对ZnO纳米晶形貌的影响机制及ZnO纳米晶在水热条件下的生长机理进行了探讨。
ZnO nanocrystals with controlled morphology were prepared by PAM assisted hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the short rods and rod-like ZnO nanocrystals prepared with water and glycerol as the solvent respectively have a wurtzite structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that short rod-like ZnO was about 200 nm in diameter and about 1.5 μm long, while rod-like ZnO was about 100 nm in diameter and about 3 μm in length. As ZnO morphology transitions from short rod to rod, the aspect ratio of the crystal changes from 7.5 to 30. Fluorescence spectrum analysis showed that the intensity of the purple peak located at 400-450nm increased as the morphology changed from the short rod to the rod shape, indicating that the more defects of the one-dimensional nano-structure of finer and longer ZnO were; the green peak intensity at 520-550nm As the morphology changes from short rod to rod, it shows that the more oxygen vacancies in the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures with finer and longer ZnO nanowires. The effects of different solvents on the morphology of ZnO nanocrystals and the growth mechanism of ZnO nanocrystals under hydrothermal conditions were discussed.