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“民事公诉”这一概念目前并无权威定义,一般而言它是指:检察机关在法定情形下,为维护社会公共利益和公法秩序,以国家的名义将一定种类的案件提交人民法院审判的制度。在民事经济关系日益复杂化、国际化,加强国家公权力在民事、经济领域中干预力度的呼声日渐高涨的背景之下,民事公诉制度已经从理论讨论的范畴迈入了司法实践的领域。但笔者以为确立民事公诉制度不但在理论上有难以逾越的障碍,仓促运用于司法实践中更会产生一系列问题。 民事公诉制度难以突破的两大理论障碍 1、我国现行法律制度框架之下,民事公诉制度找不到依存的法律依据。 从历史上看,我国法律曾有一段时间确立了民事公诉制度,允许检察机关提起民事诉讼。立法正式确立民事公诉制度始于1954年《中华人民共和国检察院组织法》,该法第4条第6项规定:地方各级检察机关对于有关国家和人民利益的重要民事案件有权提起诉讼或参加诉讼。1957年9月最高法院制定的《民事案件审判程序(草稿)》第1条也有类似规定,允许检察院对“有关国
At present, the concept of “civil prosecution” is not definitively defined. Generally speaking, it means that under the statutory circumstances, procuratorial organs, in the name of the state, submit certain types of cases to the people’s court for trial in order to safeguard social and public interests and public order. system. Under the background of increasing complexity and internationalization of civil economic relations and increasing demands for the intervention of state public power in the civil and economic fields, the civil prosecution system has entered the field of judicial practice from the scope of theoretical discussions. However, I believe that the establishment of a civil procedure of public prosecution not only has impenetrable obstacles in theory, but also causes a series of problems in judicial practice. Two Major Theoretical Barriers to Breakthrough of Civil Prosecution System 1. Under the framework of the current legal system in our country, there is no legal basis for the existence of dependent civil prosecution system. Historically, China’s law has for some time established a system of civil prosecution, allowing prosecutors to file a civil lawsuit. The formal establishment of a system of civil prosecution by legislation begins with the Organization Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prosecutions in 1954. Article 4, paragraph 6, of the law stipulates that procuratorates at various levels have the right to sue or participate in important civil cases involving the interests of the country and people concerned litigation. Article 1 of the Trial Procedures for Civil Cases (Draft) formulated by the Supreme People’s Court in September 1957 also has similar provisions that allow the Procuratorate to amend the "