提高果园抗旱性的三项措施果树生长需水量大，而我国北方特别是西北地区水分比较缺乏，降水量少，水分是果树生产发展的主要限制因子，提高水分利用率，增强果园抗旱性是提高果园效益的有效途径，现介绍三种抗旱措施如下：一、果园覆盖果园覆盖，一方面可保持良好的土壤结构，减少水分的蒸发损失，起到蓄水保墒作用，提高果园抗旱性；另一方面，果园覆盖后，有利于微生物活动，可增加土壤肥力，起到以肥保水之效。覆盖材料有地膜，石沙和杂草等。覆盖时注意事项：１、覆盖前准备：果园覆盖前应对土壤进行一次深翻，并施足基肥。２、覆盖厚度：石沙覆盖厚度应在１０厘米以上；杂草覆盖应在１５厘米以上，杂草覆盖时应星星点点以土压草，以防风吹。３、覆盖时间：果园覆盖可全年进行，但以雨季后及春季覆盖效果最佳。二、栏截地表径流在雨季来临前对土壤进行深耕，以疏松土壤，并加高地埂，降水时减少地表径流，提高果园的保水能力。这种抗旱措施效果很好。三、省水灌溉该法主要有两种措施。１、果园挖坑填草蓄水法：可在果园内每１－１．５ｍ￣２的范围内挖一深１００厘米，口径３０厘米的坑，坑口广开，坑内填入杂草、落叶等，在干旱季节向坑内灌水，其在雨季有蓄水作用。２、滴灌：利用塑料缆道，把水 Three measures to improve the drought resistance of orchards Growing demand for fruit trees is large, while in the north of our country, especially in northwestern China, the lack of water, less precipitation, water is the main limiting factor for the development of fruit trees to improve water use efficiency and enhance the drought resistance of orchards Orchard effective way to effectively introduce three kinds of drought-resistant measures are as follows: First, the orchard covering orchard coverage, on the one hand to maintain a good soil structure, reduce evaporation loss of water, played the role of water storage and soil moisture to improve drought resistance in orchard; the other In terms of orchard coverage, is conducive to microbial activity, can increase soil fertility, played the role of fertilizer and water retention. Cover materials are plastic film, stone sand and weeds. Coverage precautions: 1, cover preparation: Before orchard coverage should be carried out on the soil for a deep turn, and Shi-based fertilizer. 2, cover thickness: the thickness of stone sand cover should be more than 10 cm; weed coverage should be more than 15 cm, weeds should be covered with earth litter little grass to prevent wind blowing. 3, covering time: Orchard coverage can be carried out throughout the year, but after the rainy season and spring coverage the best. Second, the bar surface runoff before the onset of the rainy season deep plowing the soil to loosen the soil, and increase the ground 埂, reduce surface runoff precipitation, improve orchard water retention capacity. This drought-relief measures worked well. Third, water-saving irrigation The law there are two main measures. 1, Orchard digging and filling method: every 1-1.5m ~ 2 in the orchard can dig a depth of 100 cm, 30 cm diameter pit, pit mouth wide open, filling weeds, deciduous, etc. , Irrigation into the pit during the dry season, which has water storage during the rainy season. 2, drip irrigation: the use of plastic cableway, the water