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目的探讨抗生素药物治疗产生的不良反应,并针对不良反应制定护理措施。方法回顾性分析2010年1月—2014年2月该院应用抗生素治疗感染的2 216例患者不良反应发生情况。结果 2 216例患者共有217例患者出现不良反应,不良反应发生率9.79%,共244例次,其中过敏性休克47例次(19.26%)、皮疹44例次(18.03%)、高热37例次(15.16%)、恶心及呕吐33例次(13.52%)为高发不良反应。其余不良反应分别为寒战28例次(11.47%)、呼吸不畅20例次(8.19%)、高血压18例次(7.37%)、喉水肿15例次(6.14%)等。发生不良反应的药品中,青霉素G72例(33.18%)、头孢曲松钠54例(24.88%)、头孢拉定32例(14.75%)占主要。其余药品分别为头孢唑林钠21例(9.67%)、哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠10例(4.61%)、头孢地嗪钠6例(2.76%)。结论针对应用抗生素治疗的患者实施专业护理可以有效降低不良反应发生率,提升患者治疗成功率以及生活质量,值得临床推广应用。
Objective To explore the adverse reactions of antibiotic drug treatment and to develop nursing measures for adverse reactions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the adverse reactions of 2 216 patients treated with antibiotics from January 2010 to February 2014 in our hospital. Results A total of 217 adverse events occurred in 2 216 patients, with a total of 244 cases, of which 47 cases were anaphylactic shock (47.26%), rash was 44 cases (18.03%), fever was 37 cases (15.16%), nausea and vomiting 33 cases (13.52%) were high incidence of adverse reactions. The remaining adverse reactions were chills 28 cases (11.47%), respiratory failure 20 cases (8.19%), hypertension 18 cases (7.37%), laryngeal edema 15 cases (6.14%) and so on. Among the adverse reactions of drugs, 72 cases (14.7%) were penicillin, 54 cases (24.88%) were ceftriaxone sodium and 32 cases (14.75%) were cefradine. The remaining drugs were cefazolin sodium 21 cases (9.67%), piperacillin / tazobactam sodium 10 cases (4.61%), cefodizime sodium 6 cases (2.76%). Conclusions The implementation of professional nursing for patients treated with antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, improve the success rate of treatment and quality of life of patients, worthy of clinical application.