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目的:研究一体化PET/MR结合统计参数图(SPM)辅助n 11C－匹兹堡化合物B(PIB)用于β－淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)PET显像半定量分析的准确性，探索其用于认知障碍的诊断及鉴别诊断的可行性。n 方法:回顾分析2018年1月至2019年9月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院PET中心进行n 11C－PIB PET/MR扫描，临床最终确诊的13例阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者[男4例，女9例；年龄(59.2±5.8)岁]和10例血管性认知障碍(VCD)患者[男9例，女1例；年龄(59.5±11.5)岁]。结合三维Tn 1加权成像(3D Tn 1WI)对n 11C－PIB PET图像分别进行脑区手动勾画和SPM辅助半自动分割，获得8个关键脑区(大脑白质、纹状体、丘脑、后扣带回、额叶皮质、后顶叶皮质、颞叶外侧皮质和枕叶皮质)与小脑皮质的标准摄取值比值(SUVR)。对2种方法所获结果进行Pearson相关分析；采用两独立样本n t检验、配对n t检验分析数据。n 结果:AD组与VCD组患者的年龄和简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分[(19.7±4.7)和(21.7±3.8)分]差异均无统计学意义(n t值：0.095和1.098，均n P>0.05)。除丘脑外(n r＝0.179，n P＝0.413)，分割法和勾画法在其余7个关键脑区获得的SUVR均有良好的相关性(n r值：0.678～0.893，均n P<0.05)。AD组8个关键脑区的SUVR均明显高于VCD组(1.519～2.055与1.105～1.618；n t值：2.799～11.582，均n P<0.01)。分割法所得AD组纹状体(1.942±0.205)、后扣带回(1.915±0.249)、额叶(1.983±0.264)、顶叶(2.008±0.296)及颞叶皮质(1.931±0.254)SUVR均明显高于大脑白质(1.746±0.192；n t值：3.793～6.992，均n P0.05). Except thalamus(n r=0.179, n P=0.413), there were good correlations between SUVR obtained by segmentation and delineation in the other 7 key regions (n r values: 0.678-0.893, all n P<0.05). The SUVR of 8 key regions obtained by the two methods in AD group was significantly higher than that in VCD group (1.519-2.055n vs 1.105-1.618; n t values: 2.799-11.582, all n P<0.01). The SUVR of striatum (1.942±0.205), posterior cingulate gyrus (1.915±0.249), frontal lobe (1.983±0.264), parietal lobe (2.008±0.296) and temporal cortex (1.931±0.254) in AD group was significantly higher than that of cerebral white matter (1.746±0.192;n t values: 3.793-6.992, all n P<0.01). But in VCD group, there was no region with the SUVR higher than that of cerebral white matter.n Conclusions:Hybrid PET/MR can acquire the PET and MRI images synchronously, which can realize the accurate brain segmentation and obtain the semi-quantitative data of key brain regions aided by SPM. The method can analyze the characteristics and differences of amyloid imaging in AD and VCD, which is expected to provide an accurate imaging analysis method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cognitive disorders.