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由于按照一般原则分配证明责任具有形式性,无法保证具体个案中的公正,大陆法系国家创设了证明责任分配的特殊规则来弥补其不足,即在某些具体案件中就待证事实的证明责任在双方当事人间重新分配。证明责任分配一般原则和它是原则与例外的关系。在大陆法系国家的法律制度中,证明责任分配的特殊规则包括两种:法律推定和证明责任倒置。
Because of the formality of assigning the burden of proof as a general principle and the inability to guarantee fairness in specific cases, the civil law countries have created special rules for the distribution of burden of proof to make up for the deficiencies, namely, the burden of proof in some specific cases Redistribution between the parties. Prove the general principle of responsibility distribution and it is the relationship between principle and exception. In the legal system of civil law countries, there are two special rules to prove the distribution of responsibility: legal presumption and burden of proof inversion.