肾结核起病潜隐,发展缓慢,如不提高警惕,每易造成诊断延误。尸解病例生前得到诊断者仅20%。一组报道就诊时能在临床上最初诊断是肾结核、以后得以证实无误者仅6.1%,出现症状后虽多次就诊,但在一年后才获诊断者占72%。足见提高本病的诊断认识十分重要。本文从探索误诊教训的角度,结合文献温习,期望从中提高临床警惕性和诊断技术。 Kidney tuberculosis onset latent, slow development, if not increase vigilance, each easy to cause a delay in diagnosis. Autopsy cases were diagnosed before only 20%. A group of reports were clinically diagnosed with renal tuberculosis at first, and only 6.1% were confirmed after the diagnosis was made. Although multiple visits occurred after the onset of symptoms, 72% were diagnosed after one year. It is very important to improve the diagnosis of this disease. This article from the perspective of exploring the lessons of misdiagnosis, combined with literature review, hope to improve clinical vigilance and diagnostic techniques.