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由于现代社会保障是通过具体的制度安排来达到其特定功能的,因此基于各国对社会保障制度的具体安排来划分与概括其模式显然具有特殊的意义。从这个角度看,目前已被普遍接受的一种划分方式是将其分为社会保险型、福利国家型、强制储蓄型和国家保险型共四种模式。本文基于这种划分方式,既从历史角度对不同制度安排模式的起源进行多因素的探讨并对其沿革进行简要分析,又对不同模式的特点进行概括,并在此基础上对各模式的共同点与差异点进行了多角度的比较。
Since modern social security achieves its specific functions through specific institutional arrangements, it is obviously of special significance to divide and summarize the patterns of countries based on the specific arrangements of social security systems. From this point of view, one of the most commonly accepted methods of division is to divide them into four modes: social insurance, welfare state, compulsory saving and national insurance. Based on this division, this article not only explores the origin of different modes of institutional arrangement from a historical point of view, but also makes a brief analysis of its evolution and summarizes the characteristics of different modes. On this basis, Point and the point of difference for a multi-angle comparison.