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目的了解乌鲁木齐市2010—2014年突发公共卫生事件特点,为有效预防和控制突发公共卫生事件的发生提供科学根据。方法应用描述流行病学方法对乌鲁木齐市2010—2014年通过网络直报的突发公共卫生事件进行分析。结果乌鲁木齐市2010—2014年报告学校突发公共卫生事件47起,占全市突发公共卫生事件报告总数的95.92%。以传染病暴发疫情为主,占事件总数的100%。报告起数居前3位的疾病分别是流行性腮腺炎、手足口病和水痘:学校突发公共卫生事件主要发生在小学和托幼机构;4—6和10—12月是高发季节。结论乌鲁木齐市突发公共卫生事件呈高发态势,有明显的季节性,主要发生在城市中小学校和幼托机构,以呼吸道传染病为多发。加强疫情监测,采取隔离病例等常规防控措施,尽可能提高疫苗接种率或适时开展应急接种,以建立起有效的免疫防护屏障。
Objective To understand the characteristics of public health emergencies in Urumqi during 2010-2014 and provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the public health emergencies in Urumqi from 2010 to 2014 through direct online reporting. Results Urumqi City, 2010-2014 reported 47 public health emergencies, accounting for 95.92% of the total number of public health emergencies in the city. The main outbreak of infectious diseases, accounting for 100% of the total number of incidents. The top three reported diseases were mumps, hand, foot and mouth disease and chickenpox. School public health emergencies occurred mainly in primary schools and nurseries; 4-6 and 10-12 were the high season. Conclusions The public health emergencies in Urumqi City are in a high incidence with obvious seasonal changes. They occur mainly in urban primary and secondary schools and child care institutions, with respiratory infectious diseases being the most frequent. Strengthens the epidemic situation monitoring, takes the conventional prevention and control measures such as isolating the case, as far as possible enhances the vaccination rate or promptly carries on the emergency vaccination, in order to establish the effective immunoprotective barrier.