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食管癌(esophageal carcinoma)是食管常见的上皮组织来源的恶性肿瘤,其恶性程度高,发病率在恶性肿瘤中居第八位,死亡率居第六位。全世界每年新增病例数居高不下[1-2]。其病因和发病机制目前尚不明确,可能与原癌基因的激活、抑癌基因的失活以及细胞凋亡相关基因、肿瘤转移抑制基因的异常等有关[3-5]。食管鳞状细胞癌是中国食管癌主要的病变类型。由于早期的诊断率低,转移性强,尽管治疗方法上有了很大的进步,但患者的预后仍较差。食管癌的症状较隐匿,病情进展比较快,确诊时多数病例可能已近中晚期,临床疗效及
Esophageal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of epithelial tissue derived from the esophagus. It has a high degree of malignancy and ranks eighth in the incidence of malignancy and sixth in the mortality rate. The number of new cases in the world is still high each year [1-2]. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not clear at present, which may be related to the activation of oncogene, the inactivation of tumor suppressor gene, the gene related to apoptosis and the abnormality of tumor metastasis suppressor gene [3-5]. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the main type of esophageal cancer in China. Due to the low rate of early diagnosis and strong metastasis, the patient’s prognosis is still poor, despite the great advances in treatment. Esophageal cancer symptoms more hidden, the disease progressed faster, most of the cases diagnosed may have been late, the clinical efficacy and