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作为全球最大的在轨航天器,“国际空间站”(ISS)已实现连续有人驻留超过15年,并在空间应用领域取得了众多成果。“国际空间站”成员国一致认为,最大限度地提高“国际空间站”研究能力可能带来新的探索机遇、促进商业发展并对教育事业产生积极影响。“国际空间站”已在人体学研究、生物学与生物技术、物理科学、技术开发与验证、地球与空间科学、教育等六大领域发挥了重要作用,技术开发领域的应用是其重点。由于美国对“国际空间站”应用的组织管理、项目规划和实施最为系统,因此本文以美国为主,介绍应用情况。
As the world’s largest on-orbit spacecraft, “International Space Station ” (ISS) has achieved continuous presence for more than 15 years and has achieved numerous achievements in the field of space applications. “ISS ” member states agreed that maximizing “ISS” research capabilities could lead to new exploration opportunities, promote business development and have a positive impact on education. “International Space Station ” has played an important role in the six major fields of anthropological research, biology and biotechnology, physical science, technology development and verification, earth and space science, and education. The application of technology in the field of technology development is the key point. Due to the most systematic project planning and implementation by the United States for the organization and management of the “International Space Station” application, this article mainly uses the United States to introduce the application.