作为地球内部占体积和质量比例最大的层圈,地幔的物理和化学性质一直是地球科学最重要、最基础的研究内容之一,也是认识地球(乃至于类地行星)起源和演化的关键。经过近一个世纪的研究,人类对于地幔性质的认识已经获得了很大的进步。在这个过程中,我们也越来越清晰地认识到,地幔的物理和化学性质直接影响着地幔(乃至于整个地球)动力学过程的方 As the inner layer of the circle with the largest proportion of mass and mass, the physical and chemical properties of the mantle have always been one of the most important and fundamental research topics in earth science. They are also the key to recognizing the origin and evolution of the Earth (and even the terrestrial planets). After nearly a century of research, human understanding of the nature of the mantle has made great progress. In this process, we have also become clearer and clearer that the physical and chemical properties of the mantle directly affect the dynamics of the mantle (and hence the entire Earth)