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群落结构是植物群落研究的核心内容,对于指导营林建设、植被恢复与保护、群落结构优化、专题风景林构建具有重要的理论和现实意义。以浙江普陀山主要林型枫香Liquidambar formosana林、红山茶Camellia longicaudata林、檵木Loropetalum chinensis林、罗汉松Podocarpus macrophyllus林、青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca林、青冈幼林、台湾蚊母树Distylium gracile林、樟树Cinnamomum camphora林等为研究对象,分析群落结构特征。结果如下:1林分结构上,各林型外貌相对完整,优势种所占比例较大,林分结构相对稳定;2胸径级分布看,枫香林、红山茶林、青冈林、台湾蚊母树林、樟树林呈“L”型;檵木林、青冈幼林为单柱型;罗汉松林为“U”型;3物种多样性上,罗汉松林的物种丰富度最大,青冈幼林的物种丰富度、Pielou指数、Shannon-Wiener指数最小,平均密度最大;台湾蚊母树林的平均密度最小,樟树林的Pielou指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最大。4植物纵横向营养投资上,枫香林在纵向生长上营养投资最大,红山茶林最小;罗汉松林在横向生长上营养投资最大,青冈林最小。青冈林和青冈幼林在纵向生长上营养投资显著大于横向生长(P<0.05),台湾蚊母树林在横向生长上营养投资显著大于纵向生长(P<0.05)。树高与胸径(R2=0.71,P<0.01)和树冠面积(R2=0.51,P<0.01)的关系幂函数拟合较好。总体上,普陀山主要林型林分结构较稳定,胸径级分布较合理,物种多样性较丰富,抗风胁迫能力较强,但还需进一步优化群落结构,增加物种多样性,提高植物对海岛环境的适应性。
Community structure is the core content of plant community research, which has important theoretical and practical significance to guide the construction of forest management, vegetation restoration and protection, community structure optimization and thematic landscape forest construction. The main forest of Putuoshan in Zhejiang Province was Liquidambar formosana, Camellia longicaudata, Camellia longicaudata, Loropetalum chinensis, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Distylium gracile, Cinnamomum camphora Forest, etc. as the research object, analyze the characteristics of community structure. The results are as follows: 1 The structure of the stands, the appearance of each forest is relatively complete, the dominant species accounted for a large proportion of the stand structure is relatively stable; 2 DBH distribution, Fengxiang Lin, Hongshan tea, Cyclobalanopsis, mosquito Taiwan The species of Pinus densiflora and Pinus massoniana were single-column type, Podocarpus sylvestris was “U” type. The species richness of Pinus-phellodendri is the largest, the species of young plantation Pielou index, Shannon-Wiener index and the average density are the most. The average density of mosquito in Taiwan is the smallest, and the Pielou index and Shannon-Wiener index of camphor forest are the largest. 4 vertical and horizontal plant nutrient investment, Fengxiang Lin in the vertical growth of the nutrition investment is the largest, the smallest Hongshan tea plantation; Podocarpus growth in the transverse growth of the largest nutritional investment, the smallest glauca forest. The nutrient investment in the longitudinal growth of Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides and Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest was significantly greater than that in the lateral growth (P <0.05). The nutrition investment of mosquito in Taiwan was significantly larger than that in the longitudinal growth (P <0.05). The power relation between tree height and DBH (R2 = 0.71, P <0.01) and canopy area (R2 = 0.51, P <0.01) fitted well. In general, the structure of the main forest types in Putuoshan is relatively stable, the distribution of DBH is reasonable, the species diversity is rich, and the ability of wind-resistant is strong. However, the community structure needs to be further optimized to increase the species diversity and enhance the plant- Environmental adaptability.