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针对国内移动源排放测算工作所面临的挑战,从移动源排放测算的法律体系和机制两方面,总结了美国在移动源排放测算工作上的经验。从平均速度、车辆行驶里程、机动车注册数据、行驶工况和行驶特征等排放测算的关键变量,分别阐述了美国移动源排放测算的数据特征和收集方法。进一步论述了移动源排放测算模型研究的发展方向和移动源排放测算的主要模型,以期对国内移动源排放测算工作提供借鉴。在上述讨论基础上,建议将移动源排放测算工作上升到国家法律层次,并建立起交通和环保部门的沟通和协调机制,包括责任划分、数据收集与共享、技术方法以及决策过程等,将排放控制上升为交通和环保部门共同的目标和责任。
In view of the challenge of the domestic mobile source emission measurement work, the author summarizes the experience of the United States in mobile source emission measurement from two aspects of the legal system and mechanism of mobile source emission measurement. Based on the key variables such as average speed, vehicle mileage, registration data of motor vehicles, driving conditions and driving characteristics, the data characteristics and collection methods of mobile source emissions in the United States are described respectively. Further discusses the development direction of mobile source emission measurement model and the main model of mobile source emission estimation, with a view to provide reference for domestic mobile source emission measurement. Based on the above discussion, it is suggested to raise the measurement of mobile source emissions to the national legal level and set up a communication and coordination mechanism between the transportation and environmental protection departments, including the division of responsibilities, data collection and sharing, technical methods and decision-making process, Control rises to common goals and responsibilities for transport and environmental protection departments.