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微管是存在于所有真核细胞中构成细胞骨架的重要组成成分,其能与其他的蛋白组装成纺锤体、中心粒和神经管等结构。微管在细胞生长、维持形态、细胞信号传导,尤其在有丝分裂过程中起到重要的作用。微管是新药发现的重要靶点。作用于微管的抗肿瘤药物是一类最有效的应用于临床的药物,该类药物抑制微管聚合、破坏微管动态不平衡性、破坏纺锤体、阻滞细胞周期,引起肿瘤细胞死亡。本文综述了以微管为靶点的抗肿瘤药物及其作用机制,并对以微管为靶点的肿瘤治疗药物的应用前景进行展望。
Microtubule is an important component of cytoskeleton existing in all eukaryotic cells, which can assemble with other proteins into spindle, centriole and neural tube structures. Microtubules play an important role in cell growth, morphology and cell signaling, especially in mitosis. Microtubule is an important target of new drug discovery. Antitumor drugs acting on microtubules are one of the most effective clinical drugs that inhibit microtubule polymerization, disrupt the dynamic imbalance of microtubules, destroy the spindle, arrest the cell cycle, and cause tumor cell death. This review summarizes the antitumor drugs that target microtubules and their mechanisms of action, and looks into the future of microtubule-targeting oncology therapeutics.