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目的探讨孕期补充复合微营养素(MMN)对SD大鼠胎儿生长受限(FGR)发生及胎盘凋亡的影响。方法使用被动吸烟法建造SD孕鼠FGR模型,孕鼠随机分为4组(FGR组、MMN组、对照组和正常组),MMN组、对照组饲料添加MMN,另两组喂养普通饲料。FGR组、MMN组被动吸烟,另两组呼吸正常空气。对比4组仔鼠数量、出生质量及胎盘质量,同时利于TUNNEL法检测胎盘滋养细胞凋亡变化。结果 FGR组仔鼠数量、仔鼠质量及胎盘质量均较正常组显著降低(P<0.05)。MMN组鼠胎数及鼠胎质量较FGR组显著升高(P<0.05),但胎盘质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4组孕鼠胎盘细胞均存在一定程度的凋亡,FGR组凋亡率较正常组显著升高(P<0.05);MMN组凋亡率较FGR组显著降低(P<0.05),与正常组差异无统计学意义。对照组与正常组间各数据差异无统计学意义。结论孕期补充MMN显著降低被动吸烟所致的FGR发生率,其机制可能为降低胎盘滋养细胞异常凋亡。
Objective To investigate the effects of pregnancy supplementation with micronutrients (MMN) on fetal growth restriction (FGR) and placental apoptosis in SD rats. Methods The FGR model of pregnant SD rats was established by passive smoking method. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (FGR group, MMN group, control group and normal group). MMN group and control group were fed with MMN, while the other two groups were fed normal feed. FGR group, MMN group passive smoking, the other two groups breathing normal air. The number of pups, the quality of life and the quality of placenta in 4 groups were compared. TUNNEL assay was also used to detect the changes of apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. Results The number of pups, the quality of offspring and the quality of placenta in FGR group were significantly lower than those in normal group (P <0.05). The number of MMN mice and the quality of mouse embryos were significantly higher than those of FGR group (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in the quality of placenta (P> 0.05). The apoptosis rate of placental cells in 4 groups was higher than that in normal group (P <0.05). The apoptosis rate in MMN group was significantly lower than that in FGR group (P <0.05) The difference was not statistically significant. The difference between the control group and the normal group was not statistically significant. Conclusion Supplementation of MMN during pregnancy significantly reduces the incidence of FGR caused by passive smoking, which may be due to the reduction of abnormal apoptosis of placental trophoblast cells.