为了探究刺参(Apoasichopus japonicus)保苗阶段(7–9月)最佳的附着基更换频率(changing frequency,CF),本实验在夏季保苗期设置5个附着基更换频率组,即CF10、CF20、CF_(30)、CF40和CF_(50)。采用实验生态学的方法,并结合传统细菌培养法和16S r DNA细菌鉴定技术对上述不同实验组进行检测。结果表明:CF20组刺参整池增重和个体增重幅度最大,CF_(30)次之,CF_(50)组由于死亡率高,整池重量为负增长。CF20组的特定生长率和存活率分别为(5.986±0.135)%/d和(95.231±0.265)/%,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),CF_(30)次之,而CF_(50)组的特定生长率和存活率最低,且显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。养殖用水中4NH+-N、2NO--N和COD随着附着基更换频率的降低而升高,并在第50天时分别达到0.53 mg/L、0.28 mg/L、0.18 mg/L。各实验组水体中异养细菌和弧菌数量随附着基更换频率变化不明显,而附着基上的异养细菌和弧菌数量随附着基更换频率的降低而升高,CF_(50)组异养细菌总数在第50天时达到1.38×105 cfu/cm2,弧菌数量达到1.5×104 cfu/cm2,皆明显高于其他各组。附着基上优势菌为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio algindyticus)、需钠弧菌(V.natriegens)、马胃葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus equorum)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis)和副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)。其中,溶藻弧菌为刺参条件致病菌,且一直存在于养殖系统中并逐步占据绝对优势。这与CF_(50)组在实验进行到43 d时开始出现化皮,50 d时开始出现死亡现象有一定的关系。同时,附着基长时间未更换,会滋生大量玻璃海鞘、日本毛壶、内刺盘管虫等敌害生物,争夺栖息空间和食物,导致刺参苗种生长减慢。综上,由实验结果显示,在7–9月高温季节每20 d更换一次附着基最佳。考虑到生产成本,附着基更换频率一般为20~30 d为宜。本研究结果为刺参苗种培育工艺的优化及刺参健康养殖提供了理论依据和参考。 In order to explore the best changing frequency (CF) of the seedling stage (July-September) of Apoasichopus japonicus, we set up five attachment-based replacement frequency groups in summer seedling stage, CF10, CF20, CF_ (30), CF40 and CF_ (50). Using the experimental ecology method, combined with the traditional bacterial culture and 16S r DNA bacterial identification of these different experimental groups were tested. The results showed that in the CF20 group, the weight gain and weight gain of the whole pool were the largest, CF_ (30) times and CF_ (50) groups were negatively increased due to the high mortality rate. The specific growth rate and survival rate of CF20 group were (5.986 ± 0.135)% / d and (95.231 ± 0.265) /%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other groups (P <0.05) (50) group had the lowest specific growth rate and survival rate, which was significantly lower than other groups (P <0.05). The 4NH + -N, 2NO - N and COD in aquaculture water increased with the decreasing of the attachment frequency, and reached 0.53 mg / L, 0.28 mg / L and 0.18 mg / L on the 50th day respectively. The frequency of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio bacteria in the experimental groups varied little with the attachment groups, while the number of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio spp on the attached groups increased with the decrease of the attachment frequency. The total number of bacteriological bacteria reached 1.38 × 105 cfu / cm2 on the 50th day, and the number of vibrio reached 1.5 × 104 cfu / cm2, which were obviously higher than other groups. Vibrio algindyticus, V. nosgens, Staphylococcus equorum, Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis, And V. parahaemolyticus. Among them, Vibrio alginolyticus is a causal agent for stichopus, and has been present in the culture system and has been gradually gaining an absolute advantage. This is with CF 50 group began to appear 43 days when the skin, began to die 50 days have a certain relationship. At the same time, the attachment base has not been replaced for a long time, will breed a large number of glass ascidians, Japanese hair pots, such as the thorn coil insects enemy organisms, competition for habitat and food habitat, resulting in slow growth of the growth of sea cucumber seedlings. In summary, the experimental results show that in July-September hot season every 20 d to replace the best adhesion base. Taking into account the cost of production, the replacement frequency of attachment is generally 20 ~ 30 d is appropriate. The results of this study provide the theoretical basis and references for the optimization of the cultivation process of the cucumber seedlings and the healthy growth of sea cucumber.