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目前,产前诊断主要依赖于羊水细胞培养作细胞遗传学和生化分析.然而某些单基因或多数多基因遗传病,用羊水细胞则不能诊断.这些病的产前诊断需要直接或间接的直接观察胎儿及获得胎儿组织,之所以选择这些组织,是因它们表达了一定的遗传特性,羊水细胞则不能.间接的直接观察胎儿是用超声显像术或放射照相术.胎儿镜及胎血取样的发展,在宫内诊断方面开辟了一个新的纪元.胎儿镜及胎血取样的回顾及进展1973年,Valenti用一个经小儿膀胱镜改装的“胎儿镜”首次胎血取样成功.1974年,Hobbins等首先应用目前广为使用
At present, prenatal diagnosis relies mainly on amniotic fluid cell culture for cytogenetics and biochemical analysis, however, some mono- or polygenic disorders are not diagnosed with amniotic fluid cells and prenatal diagnosis of these diseases requires direct or indirect direct Observation of fetuses and access to fetal tissue, the reason for the selection of these organizations because they express certain genetic characteristics, amniotic fluid cells can not directly observe the fetus directly with ultrasound imaging or radiography. Fetal mirror and fetal blood sampling The development of intrauterine diagnosis has opened up a new era .Fetaloscopy and fetal blood sampling review and progress In 1973, Valenti with a pediatric cystoscope modified “fetus mirror ” first fetal blood sampling success .1974 Years, Hobbins and other first applications are currently widely used