纳曲酮是阿片受体纯拮抗剂，对μ－，δ－，κ－阿片受体均有阻断作用。因而它能阻断再吸毒品时的效应，从而减弱正性强化作用和负性强化作用，在防复吸中起到良好的辅助作用。但导致复吸的原因是复杂的。诸如心理渴求、稽延症状、环境诱惑和负性生活事件等都会导致复吸，而纳曲酮对此则无能为力。纳曲酮应用的成败关键是患者的戒毒决心，家属的监督执行，环境诱惑的摆脱，生活事件的改善，经济条件的许可，稽延症状的治疗和心理行为的矫治。必须采取综合治理的措施，才能更好地发挥纳曲酮的作用。 Naltrexone is a pure antagonist of opioid receptors, blocking μ-, δ-, κ-opioid receptors. Therefore, it can block the effect of drug reabsorption, thereby weakening the positive and negative effects of strengthening the role of anti-relapse play a good auxiliary role. But the cause of relapse is complicated. Narctrexone can do nothing about this, such as psychological cravings, delaying symptoms, temptations and negative life events. The key to the success or failure of naltrexone application is the patient’s determination of detoxification, the supervision and enforcement of family members, the temptation to get rid of the environment, the improvement of life events, the permission of economic conditions, the treatment of delaying symptoms and the correction of psychological behavior. We must take measures to comprehensively manage, in order to better play the role of naltrexone.