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用北京卫星环境工程研究所的18mm口径二级轻气炮(TLGG)和20J激光驱动微小飞片装置(LDFF-20)对用作航天器舷窗玻璃的熔融石英玻璃的超高速撞击损伤特性进行了实验研究和分析。其中,TLGG发射的球形铝弹丸直径分别为1mm和3mm,速度2～6．5 km/s;LDFF-20发射的圆柱形飞片厚度7μm,直径1mm,速度1～8．3 km/s。撞击结果为:对12 mm厚的熔融石英玻璃,直径为3 mm的弹丸甚至在2．8 km/s的低速下就将其穿透,而直径为1mm的弹丸在6．5km/s的高速下没有穿透,这说明弹丸直径对撞击损伤特性有很强的影响:LDFF-20发射的微小飞片的撞击仅在玻璃表面产生很浅的凹坑,没有裂纹产生,但微小飞片的累积撞击损伤明显地降低了玻璃的透光性。实验初步获得了侵彻深度P_C、侵彻直径D_1与弹丸撞击速度V_p、弹丸质量M_p之间的经验关系。依据实验结果和目前的微流星体/空间碎片(M/OD)环境工程模型,建议对于高度为400 km、轨道倾角42°、寿命为3年的典型航天器,其舷窗玻璃的临界安全(非穿透)厚度至少为12mm。
The hypervelocity impact damage characteristics of fused silica glass used as portholes of spacecraft were investigated by using 18mm caliber secondary light gas gun (TLGG) and 20J laser driven micro flyer (LDFF-20) from Beijing Institute of Satellite Environmental Engineering Experimental research and analysis. Among them, the diameter of spherical aluminum projectile launched by TLGG is 1mm and 3mm respectively, and the velocity is 2 ~ 6.5 km / s. The diameter of cylindrical flying slice of LDFF-20 is 7μm, the diameter is 1mm and the velocity is 1 ~ 8.3km / s. The result of the impact is that for 12 mm thick fused silica glass, a projectile with a diameter of 3 mm penetrates even at a low velocity of 2.8 km / s whereas a projectile with a diameter of 1 mm penetrates at a velocity of 6.5 km / s Under penetration did not penetrate, indicating that projectile diameter has a strong impact on the impact damage characteristics: LDFF-20 launch of micro-film impact is only a very shallow surface of the glass pits, there is no crack, but the micro-film accumulation Impact damage significantly reduces the light transmission of the glass. The experimental relationship between penetration depth P_C, penetration diameter D_1, projectile impact velocity V_p and projectile mass M_p was obtained experimentally. Based on the experimental results and the current micro / meteoroid / space debris (M / OD) environmental engineering model, it is proposed that for a typical spacecraft with a height of 400 km, an orbital inclination of 42 ° and a 3-year life, the safety of its side scuttles Penetration) Thickness of at least 12mm.