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作为基于纳米孔核酸测序系统的关键组成部分,近年来纳米孔在科研领域吸引了越来越多的关注.虽然早期基于纳米孔的测序系统大多数采用的是生物纳米孔,但由于固态纳米孔拥有更优异的鲁棒性和耐久性,且孔的几何结构及表面性质可控,并与现有的半导体和微流体制造技术相兼容等优势,因而愈来愈受到欢迎.由于高密度的固态纳米/纳米孔阵列可以被大规模地生产出来,固态纳米孔不但可以作为生物分子检测的平台,而且在很多其他领域也拥有广阔的应用前景,例如近场光学、纳米模板光刻和离子逻辑电路等.目前,研究人员已经开发出了各种各样的固态纳米孔制备方法.为了促进固态纳米孔制备技术的研究并拓展固态纳米孔的应用,本文对已经报道的各种典型的固态纳米孔制备方法进行了总结,详细剖析了各种固态纳米孔制备方法的工作机理,比较了各种方法在材料适用性、工艺可控性等各方面的优缺点.此外,在细致分析了各种固态纳米孔的特征,如纳米孔的极限尺寸、内部结构、能否并行大批量生产等的基础上,对不同固态纳米孔的潜在应用进行了总结.
As a key part of the nanopore-based nucleic acid sequencing system, nanopores attract more and more attention in recent years.Although biological nanopores are mostly used in nanopore-based sequencing systems in the early stage, Are gaining in popularity due to their superior robustness and durability, their controlled geometry of the pore geometry and surface properties, and their compatibility with existing semiconductor and microfluidic manufacturing technologies.Because of the high density of solid Nanoscale / nanopore arrays can be produced on a large scale. Solid-state nanopores not only serve as platforms for biomolecule detection, but also have broad applications in many other fields such as near-field optics, nano-template lithography, and ion logic Etc. Now, researchers have developed a variety of solid-state nanopore preparation methods.In order to promote the research of solid-state nanopore preparation technology and expand the application of solid-state nanopores, we have reported all kinds of typical solid-state nanopores Preparation methods were summarized, detailed analysis of the working mechanism of various solid-state nanopore preparation methods, compared various methods Material suitability, process controllability, etc. In addition, based on the detailed analysis of the characteristics of various solid-state nanopores, such as the ultimate size of nanopores, the internal structure, and the ability of parallel mass-production, The potential applications of different solid-state nanopores were summarized.