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近年来,草原生态问题日益严重。目前,中国90%的可利用草地都在不同程度上发生了退化,严重威胁着国家生态安全和经济社会的可持续发展。导致草原生态退化的根本原因在于,人类不恰当的生产、生活活动超出了局部地区的环境承载能力。这不仅给当地牧民的生产和生活带来了严重的影响,而且对人们生存环境安全及社会关系的变化也会造成严重威胁。因此,为了解决不断恶化的草原生态环境问题,我国政府开始广泛探索并实施保护草原生态环境的生态移民战略。伴随生态移民战略在草原的实施,必然引发迁移牧民的转型。制约迁移牧民转型的因素较多,这些因素的交互作用造成迁移牧民的转型困境,需要我们探索破解之道。
In recent years, the ecological problems of grassland have become increasingly serious. At present, 90% of the available grassland in China is degraded to varying degrees, which seriously threatens the national ecological security and sustainable economic and social development. The root cause of the grassland ecosystem degradation is that improper production and living activities of human beings exceed the environmental carrying capacity of some areas. This not only has a serious impact on the production and livelihood of local herdsmen, but also poses a serious threat to the safety of people’s living environment and changes in social relations. Therefore, in order to solve the deteriorating grassland ecological environment, our government began to extensively explore and implement the strategy of ecological migration to protect the grassland ecological environment. With the implementation of the eco-immigration strategy in grasslands, it is bound to trigger the transformation of migrant herdsmen. Restricting the transfer of herdsman’s transformation of many factors, the interaction of these factors led to the transformation of herders transition difficulties, we need to explore the crack.