在杂交水稻组合的选育中,不育系的选育是“三系”选育的基础。几年来,通过对不育系进行田间观察,花粉显微镜检查,以及杂交选育,回交转育等试验,测交一代二代的鉴定,对粳型不育系的遗传表现和杂交选育,有如下认识:一、配子体不育系类型的遗传和表现特点1.杂交水稻分为籼型和粳型两种。灿型杂交稻的不育系属孢子体不育类型,而粳型杂交稻的不育系属配子体不育类型。配子体不育类型的不育性,直接受雄配子体本身的基因所决定。不育发生的时间,一般是在小孢子体母细胞经过减数分裂和有丝分裂,形成 Breeding of hybrid rice combinations, sterile line breeding is the “three lines” breeding basis. In recent years, through field observation of microsatellite lines, pollen microscopy, hybridization breeding, backcrossing and transplanting experiments, the identification of the first and second generation of test generations, the genetic performance of Japonica sterile lines and breeding, Have the following understanding: First, the type of gametophyte genetic characteristics and performance 1. Hybrid rice is divided into indica and japonica two. Inbred lines of Can hybrid rice were sporophyte sterile, whereas CMS lines of japonica hybrid rice were gametophyte sterile. The sterility of the type of male sterility is directly determined by the gene of the male gametophyte itself. The time of infertility usually occurs after meiosis and mitosis of microsporum somatic cells