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本文讨论电子战(EW)的总概念,并对其三个分支:电子支援措施(ESM)、电子对抗(ECM)、电子反对抗(ECCM)下定义。针对两种情况,即通信和雷达的情报收集叙述了对ESM接收机的要求。评论和比较了探测脉冲雷达信号并测量其频率的现有的各种ESM接收机(即晶体视频、瞬时频率测量(IFM)和搜索式超外差等三类接收机)的设计,以说明它们的性能。针对通信和雷达两种情况讨论了识别方位和频率信息的专用ESM接收机设备。为了比较起见,还讨论了以面声波(SAW)通道式、SAW压缩式和布拉格声光器件为基础的新型接收机结构的意义,并举例说明其多信号处理能力的提高。文章接着讨论了主动和被动电子战技术(如采用干扰和箔条的方法),以及把ESM接收机与主动ECM功能结合成一个装置的重要性。最后,介绍ECCM编码法的应用,以便在雷达和通信系统中出现干扰源时仍可使用频谱。还论证了用自适应信号处理来对消宽带和窄带干扰。概述了以全相控阵和相干旁瓣对消器为基础的自适应天线的重要意义及其使用范围。
This article discusses the general concept of electronic warfare (EW) and defines its three branches: Electronic Support Measures (ESM), Electronic Confrontation (ECM), and Electronic Countermeasure Conflict (ECCM). The requirements for the ESM receiver are described for both cases, intelligence gathering for communications and radar. Commented and compared the design of existing various ESM receivers (ie, crystal video, instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM), and search-type superheterodyne) for detecting pulsed radar signals and measuring their frequencies to illustrate their Performance. A dedicated ESM receiver device that identifies position and frequency information is discussed for both communications and radar situations. For the sake of comparison, we also discuss the significance of the new receiver structure based on SAW channel, SAW compression and Bragg acoustooptical devices and illustrate the improvement of multi-signal processing capability. The article next discusses the importance of active and passive electronic warfare techniques such as methods that use jamming and chaff, and the ability to combine ESM receivers with active ECM functions into a single device. Finally, the application of the ECCM coding method is introduced to allow the use of spectrum even in the presence of sources of interference in radar and communications systems. It also demonstrates the use of adaptive signal processing to eliminate wideband and narrowband interference. The significance and scope of the adaptive antenna based on all phased array and coherent sidelobe canceller are summarized.