有色金屬矿床埋藏条件复杂,矿体形态变化很大,为了适应各种矿床的要求,人們从多年所积累的經驗中,創造出各式各样的采矿方法。虽然每一类矿床往往能够采用几种采矿方法进行开采,但最終效果却不一样。因此,在保証安全生产和充分利用資源的条件下,选用經济而合理的采矿方法,已成为矿山企业重要任务之一。露天開采法露天开采是一种最有效的采矿方法,它不仅劳动生产率高(比地下开采高3～5倍),采矿成本低(此地下开采低1/2～1/3),而且资源損失少,作业也安全。因此广泛地使用露天开采已成为采矿技术重要的发展方向。1955年苏联的有色金屬矿床,約有一半左右采用露 Non-ferrous metal deposits have complicated burial conditions and great changes in ore body morphology. In order to meet the requirements of various deposits, people have created a wide range of mining methods from the accumulated experience over many years. Although each type of deposit can often be mined using several mining methods, the end result is not the same. Therefore, under the conditions of ensuring safe production and making full use of resources, choosing an economical and reasonable mining method has become one of the important tasks for mining enterprises. Open pit mining is the most effective mining method. It not only has high labor productivity (3 to 5 times higher than underground mining), low mining cost (1/2 ~ 1/3 lower underground mining), but also resource loss Less, homework is safe. Therefore, the widespread use of open pit mining has become an important development direction of mining technology. About 19% of the non-ferrous metal deposits in the Soviet Union were exposed in 1955