【摘 要】
：
细颗粒物(PM2.5)和臭氧(03)是我国的主要大气污染物,严重危害人群健康.北京市自2013年以来大力开展大气污染治理工作,现已取得显著成效.通过分析2014～2020年北京市34个大气环境监测站的PM2.5和O3浓度变化特征并评估大气污染防治的健康效应,对推进大气污染防治具有重要意义.结果 表明,2014年北京市PM2.5年均值和4～9月平均O3日最大小时(03_max)值分别为92.0 μg·m-3和81.9 nmo1·mol-1.2014 ～2020年PM2.5平均每年降低7.5 μg·m-3,但
【机 构】
：
南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044;中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085
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细颗粒物(PM2.5)和臭氧(03)是我国的主要大气污染物,严重危害人群健康.北京市自2013年以来大力开展大气污染治理工作,现已取得显著成效.通过分析2014～2020年北京市34个大气环境监测站的PM2.5和O3浓度变化特征并评估大气污染防治的健康效应,对推进大气污染防治具有重要意义.结果 表明,2014年北京市PM2.5年均值和4～9月平均O3日最大小时(03_max)值分别为92.0 μg·m-3和81.9 nmo1·mol-1.2014 ～2020年PM2.5平均每年降低7.5 μg·m-3,但是O3_max持续偏高.在季节尺度,冬季的12月和1月PM2.5浓度最高,夏季的8月浓度最低.相反地,O3_max在每年6月浓度最高.PM2.5浓度日变化规律为,夜间22:00至次日00:00最高,14:00～16:00最低.而O3浓度在07:00最低,随后逐步升高并在午后达到最高.在空间分布上,PM2.5在2014和2019年都呈现南高北低的趋势,O3_max在全市范围内均较高,仅在道路区域偏低.大气污染对人群健康影响的评估结果表明,2014年北京市与PM2.5相关的心血管和呼吸道疾病超额死亡人数分别为1580人和821人,与O3相关的呼吸道疾病超额死亡人数为2180人.2019年与PM2.5相关的超额死亡人数仅为2014年的50％,而与O3相关的超额死亡人数与2014年持平.北京市细颗粒物治理成效显著,但是O3污染问题凸显,O3已经成为危害北京市居民健康的首要大气污染物.未来需要加强PM2.5和O3协同治理.
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