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目的了解新疆农村中小学生血红蛋白水平并分析其主要影响因素,为干预措施提供科学依据。方法随机抽取国家营养改善计划重点监测县新疆莎车县和阿合县农村共6所小学和6所中学,抽取一年级到初三年级的中小学生,每个年级抽取40人,男女生各半作为调查对象,进行体格测量、血红蛋白检测和问卷调查,并采末梢静脉血检测血红蛋血,应用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响低血红蛋血的主要因素。结果共调查中小学生2 129名,其中男生1024名,女生1 105名,低血红蛋白检出率为3.1%。单因素结果显示:中小学男生、小学低年级学生、学校开设健康教育课、近一周摄入豆类食物较多、营养知识得分高以及学校提供食物摄入情况好等学生贫血检出率较低。多因素logistic回归结果显示,女学生(OR=2.164)是高危人群;位于县城学校(OR=0.078)、由学校食堂供餐(OR=0.338)、学校性质为中心小学和普通中学的学校(OR=0.505)是降低中小学生贫血的保护因素。结论应着重加强学校营养改善计划有效实施及宣传教育,针对当地较为落后的乡镇学校,积极推进学校食堂建设和配餐指导,开展形式多样的健康教育活动,提倡合理营养,开展食育教育,树立平衡膳食的理念,是降低农村学生缺铁性贫血率的根本措施。
Objective To understand the primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang hemoglobin levels and analyze the main influencing factors for the intervention to provide a scientific basis. Methods A total of 6 elementary schools and 6 middle schools in Shaqian County and rural areas in Xinjiang Autonomous County were randomly selected. Primary and secondary school students from the first grade to the third grade were selected. There were 40 students in each grade, As the object of investigation, physical measurement, hemoglobin test and questionnaire survey were performed. Blood samples were taken from peripheral venous blood and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the main factors influencing low blood red blood cells. Results A total of 2 129 primary and secondary school students were investigated, including 1,024 boys and 1,105 girls. The detection rate of low hemoglobin was 3.1%. Univariate results showed that primary and secondary school boys, lower primary school students, health education classes in schools, more food intake in the past week, high nutritional knowledge scores and school food intake is good, etc. The detection rate of anemia is low . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female students (OR = 2.164) were at high risk. They were located in county schools (OR = 0.078), fed by school canteens (OR = 0.338), schools with primary and secondary schools = 0.505) is to reduce the protection of primary and secondary anemia. Conclusions Should focus on strengthening the effective implementation of school nutrition improvement plan and education, aiming at the more backward township schools in the country, actively promote the school canteen construction and catering guidance, carry out various forms of health education activities, advocate rational nutrition, develop food education and establish balance The concept of diet is the fundamental measure to reduce the rate of iron deficiency anemia in rural students.