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可持续的家庭消费是社会可持续发展的基础,食品消费是家庭消费的重要内容,本研究1978-2006年国家统计数据,通过对中国城乡居民食品消费结构差异以及食品消费周期中能源、化学品等物质投入进行分析,从直接和间接两个方面研究城乡居民食品消费对碳排放产生的影响。主要结论包括:①随着社会经济发展,中国居民食品消费结构的改变,对碳排放的影响逐渐增强,因为消费相同重量的肉蛋奶等制品所产生的碳排放量高于粮食消费;②城镇居民在食品消费碳排放总量上高于农村居民,其中,直接碳排放量农村居民高于城镇居民;间接碳排放量城镇居民高于农村居民。城镇居民的饮食消费习惯不利于减少食品消费碳排放量,农村人口进入城市将增加居民食品消费对碳排放的影响。③提高食品消费相关行业的能源利用效率可以有效地降低食品消费间接能源消费碳排放量。研究结论为研究食品消费对环境的影响以及引导可持续的家庭消费模式提供一定的科学依据。
Sustainable household consumption is the basis of sustainable social development. Food consumption is an important part of household consumption. This study examines the national statistics from 1978 to 2006 through the analysis of the differences in the structure of food consumption among urban and rural residents in China and the energy consumption in the food consumption cycle And other material inputs for analysis, from both direct and indirect aspects of urban and rural residents on food consumption impact on carbon emissions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) With the social and economic development, the changes in the food consumption structure of Chinese residents gradually increase the impact on carbon emissions because the consumption of carbon eggs produced by the same weight of meat and milk products is higher than the consumption of food; Residents in the total carbon emissions of food consumption than rural residents, of which direct carbon emissions than rural residents higher than urban residents; indirect carbon emissions urban residents than rural residents. The consumption habits of urban residents are not conducive to reducing carbon emissions from food consumption. The entry of rural population into cities will increase the impact of household food consumption on carbon emissions. ③ improve energy efficiency in food-related industries can effectively reduce food consumption indirect energy consumption carbon emissions. The conclusions of the study provide some scientific basis for studying the impact of food consumption on the environment and guiding sustainable family consumption patterns.