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9月份,最高人民法院作出了《关于进一步加强刑事审判工作的决定》,要求探索建立刑事被害人国家救助制度,努力使被害人的损失减少到最低限度。据最高人民法院的调查显示,绝大多数暴力刑事犯并没有经济赔偿能力,他们实施故意伤害、故意杀人等恶性犯罪后,给受害人及其家属带来了巨大的伤痛。从张君抢劫杀人案(杀死或伤害50余人)、杨新海流窜杀人案(杀死67人)到邱兴华案(杀死11人),几乎没有一个被害人获得过被告人的赔偿。而已经开始刑事被害人国家救助制度试点工作的广东省高级人民法院的统计显示,截至2006年年底,该省无法执行的刑事被害人赔偿金额高达数亿元。面对如此严峻的现实,“刑事被害人国家救助制度”到底应该何去何从?最高人民法院正在努力促进该项工作得以全面试行,本刊邀请刑事审判庭的几位法官就此问题畅谈了自己的想法,对救助资金的来源、救助对象的范围、救助的标准以及救助金的申请、审批、发放程序都提出了具体的建议,或许读者可以从中得到一些启示。
In September, the Supreme People’s Court made the “Decision on Further Strengthening the Criminal Trial Work”, calling for the establishment of a national aid system for criminal victims and efforts to minimize the victim’s losses. According to a survey conducted by the Supreme People’s Court, the vast majority of violent criminal prisoners do not have the financial means to pay for their crimes. After they commit such malicious crimes as deliberate assault and intentional murder, they have caused tremendous pain to the victims and their families. From Zhang Jun robbery and homicide case (killing or injuring more than 50 people), Yang Xinhai fleeing murder case (killing 67 people) to Qiu Xinghua case (killing 11 people), and almost no victim has been the defendant’s compensation. Statistics from the Guangdong Provincial Higher People’s Court, which has started pilot work on the state aid system for criminal victims, show that as of the end of 2006, the number of criminal victims that the province could not enforce amounted to several hundred million yuan. In the face of such a grim reality, what should the “system of state aid to victims of criminality” go? The Supreme People’s Court is working hard to promote a full trial of the work. Several of the judges who invited the criminal tribunals to talk about their own opinions on this issue , The sources of aid funds, the scope of assistance, the standard of aid and grants application, approval, release procedures have made specific recommendations, perhaps readers can get some inspiration.