一、乡土中国乡是指乡村,土是指土地,“乡土”表明了土地在社会关系中的决定作用。费孝通描述了农民的乡土性:“靠种田谋生的人才明白泥土的可贵,土是他们的命根。”“乡土社会在地方性的限制下形成了生于斯长于斯的社会,常态的生活是终老是乡。”~([1]238)乡土是中国人的生存之根。对于乡土中国来说,土地是农民最根本的生产资料和生存 First, the local Chinese rural refers to the village, soil refers to the land, “native ” indicates the decisive role of land in social relations. Fei Xiaotong described the nativeness of the peasantry: “The people who earn their living by farming know the preciousness of the soil, and their soil is their lifeblood.” “Local society, under local restrictions, formed a society born of Sri Lanka, The normal life is always the hometown. ”~ ([1] 238) Native land is the root of Chinese people’s survival. For native China, land is the most basic means of production and subsistence for peasants