以陕北黄土区坊塌流域内7条大切沟及其谷缘上的小切沟为研究对象,通过Arc GIS和MATLAB从基于1976、1997年1:10 000比例尺地形图生成的数字高程模型(DEM)上提取沟沿线,进而获得1976、1997年大切沟的面积、周长和大切沟上小切沟沟头前进距离,并结合当时的土地利用图和植被覆盖图,定量研究了退耕前陕北黄土区切沟发育的速率,以及土地利用类型和植被覆盖度对切沟发育的影响。结果显示:在1976-1997年间,7条大切沟的面积、周长增长率分别为11.01%~180.46%和8.07%~86.75%,大切沟上小切沟沟头年均前进速率为0.26~0.84 m;由溯源侵蚀导致的小切沟沟头前进是研究区内大切沟上的主要侵蚀方式,大切沟沟谷拓宽和形成新的小切沟分别是对大切沟的面积和周长增长具有较高贡献率的侵蚀方式;林草覆盖能控制切沟发育,集水区内覆盖度大于65%的植被能更加有效地控制大切沟内以沟谷拓宽为主的、多过程、多部位的综合切沟侵蚀,覆盖度大于45%的植被能更加有效地控制大切沟上小切沟沟头的溯源侵蚀。研究表明基于GIS技术和不同年份的地形图,可以确定切沟侵蚀的方式及速率,实现对切沟发育的动态监测。 Based on ArcGIS and MATLAB, a digital elevation model based on topographic maps of 1:10 000 scale in 1976 and 1997 was constructed with seven ditches in the valley of collapse in the Loess area of ​​northern Shaanxi as an example. DEM), and then get the area, circumference and the headway of Xiaoqiegou ditch on Daganggou in 1976 and 1997. Combined with the land use maps and vegetation coverage maps of the time, The rate of the development of the gully in North Loess Plateau, and the effects of land use types and vegetation coverage on the development of the gully. The results show that in 1976-1997, the area and perimeter growth rates of the seven major cutting ditches were 11.01% -180.46% and 8.07% -86.75%, respectively. The average annual advance rate of the small-cutting ditch on Dachanggou was 0.26-0.84 m. The advancement of small-cutting ditches caused by traceable erosion is the main erosion pattern on the large ditches in the study area. Widening of the ditch in the Dachanggou and formation of new small-ditched ditches, respectively, have a significant effect on the area and perimeter growth of the large ditches Contribution rate of erosion; forest coverage can control the development of cutting ditches, catchment coverage of more than 65% of the vegetation can more effectively control the ditch ditch to widen the main, multi-process, multi-site integrated ditches Erosion, vegetation coverage greater than 45% can more effectively control the ditches of the ditches on the Dachanggou traceability erosion. The research shows that based on the GIS technology and the topographic maps of different years, the ways and rates of the erosion of the cutting gully can be determined and the dynamic monitoring of the development of the cutting gully can be realized.