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地震对自然条件恶劣、经济基础薄弱的少数民族地区的社会、经济、环境等有严重的影响。分析了我国西南少数民族地区地震灾害的特点,选用地震发生频率、强度、灾害面积,人口死亡数、受伤数,房屋毁坏面积、损坏面积等指标,依据1949-2013年的地震灾害统计数据,运用层次分析法、地震危害度评估模型,对地震对西南少数民族地区社会-经济-环境复合系统的影响进行了评估。结果表明:云南的玉溪、保山、楚雄、丽江、普洱、昭通、曲靖属于地震灾害严重的区域,四川的汶川、雅安、甘孜、阿坝、绵阳等属于地震灾害严重或较重的区域,西藏的日喀则、昌都受地震的影响较重。评估结果可为少数民族地区防灾减灾提供了参考。
The earthquake has a serious impact on the social, economic and environmental aspects of the ethnic minority areas where natural conditions are poor and the economic foundation is weak. The characteristics of earthquake disaster in Southwest China’s ethnic minority areas are analyzed. The indexes such as earthquake frequency, intensity, disaster area, population deaths, injuries, damaged area and damaged area are selected. Based on the statistical data of earthquake disasters from 1949 to 2013, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Seismic Hazard Assessment Model, the impact of earthquakes on the socio-economic-environmental complex system in southwest ethnic minority areas was evaluated. The results show that Yuxi, Baoshan, Chuxiong, Lijiang, Pu’er, Zhaotong and Qujing in Yunnan Province belong to the areas with serious earthquake disasters. Wenchuan, Yaan, Ganzi, Aba and Mianyang in Sichuan belong to serious or severe earthquake disasters. Shigatse , Changdu affected by the earthquake heavier. The assessment results can provide a reference for disaster prevention and mitigation in ethnic minority areas.